Nantel Julie, Mathieu Marie-Eve, Prince François
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
J Obes. 2011;2011:650230. doi: 10.1155/2011/650230. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are often associated with low levels of physical activity. Physical activity is recommended to reduce excess body weight, prevent body weight regain, and decrease the subsequent risks of developing metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, the impact of OW and OB on motor function and daily living activities must be taken into account. OW and OB are associated with musculoskeletal structure changes, decreased mobility, modification of the gait pattern, and changes in the absolute and relative energy expenditures for a given activity. While changes in the gait pattern have been reported at the ankle, knee, and hip, modifications at the knee level might be the most challenging for articular integrity. This review of the literature combines concepts and aims to provide insights into the prescription of physical activity for this population. Topics covered include the repercussions of OW and OB on biomechanical and physiological responses associated with the musculoskeletal system and daily physical activity. Special attention is given to the effect of OW and OB in youth during postural (standing) and various locomotor (walking, running, and cycling) activities.
超重（OW）和肥胖（OB）通常与身体活动水平较低有关。建议进行身体活动以减轻多余体重、防止体重反弹，并降低随后发生代谢和骨科疾病的风险。然而，必须考虑超重和肥胖对运动功能和日常生活活动的影响。超重和肥胖与肌肉骨骼结构变化、活动能力下降、步态模式改变以及特定活动的绝对和相对能量消耗变化有关。虽然已报道在踝关节、膝关节和髋关节处存在步态模式变化，但膝关节水平的改变可能对关节完整性最具挑战性。本综述结合了相关概念，旨在为该人群的身体活动处方提供见解。涵盖的主题包括超重和肥胖对与肌肉骨骼系统及日常身体活动相关的生物力学和生理反应的影响。特别关注超重和肥胖在青少年进行姿势（站立）和各种运动（步行、跑步和骑自行车）活动时的影响。
