Miao Jianjun, Miyauchi Minoru, Simmons Trevor J, Dordick Jonathan S, Linhardt Robert J
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Sep;10(9):5507-19. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2010.3073.
Electrospinning of nanomaterial composites are gaining increased interest in the fabrication of electronic components and devices. Performance improvement of electrospun components results from the unique properties associated with nanometer-scaled features, high specific surface areas, and light-weight designs. Electrospun nanofiber membrane-containing polymer electrolytes show improved ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, low interfacial resistance, and improved charge-discharge performance than those prepared from conventional membranes. Batteries with non-woven electrospun separators have increased cycle life and higher rate capabilities than ones with conventional separators. Electrospun nanofibers may also be used as working electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, where they exhibit excellent rate capability, high reversible capacity, and good cycling performance. Moreover, the high surface area of electrospun activated carbon nanofibers improves supercapacitor energy density. Similarly, nanowires having quasi-one-dimensional structures prepared by electrospinning show high conductivity and have been used in ultra-sensitive chemical sensors, optoelectronics, and catalysts. Electrospun conductive polymers can also perform as flexible electrodes. Finally, the thin, porous structure of electrospun nanofibers provides for the high strain and fast response required for improved actuator performance. The current review examines recent advances in the application of electrospinning in fabricating electronic components and devices.
纳米材料复合材料的静电纺丝在电子元件和器件制造中越来越受到关注。静电纺丝组件性能的提升源于与纳米级特征、高比表面积和轻量化设计相关的独特性能。与由传统膜制备的聚合物电解质相比，含静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的聚合物电解质具有更高的离子电导率、电化学稳定性、低界面电阻以及更好的充放电性能。具有非织造静电纺丝隔膜的电池比具有传统隔膜的电池具有更长的循环寿命和更高的倍率性能。静电纺丝纳米纤维还可用于锂离子电池的工作电极，在其中表现出优异的倍率性能、高可逆容量和良好的循环性能。此外，静电纺丝活性炭纳米纤维的高比表面积提高了超级电容器的能量密度。同样，通过静电纺丝制备的具有准一维结构的纳米线具有高导电性，并已用于超灵敏化学传感器、光电子学和催化剂中。静电纺丝导电聚合物也可作为柔性电极。最后，静电纺丝纳米纤维的薄而多孔的结构提供了改善致动器性能所需的高应变和快速响应。本综述考察了静电纺丝在制造电子元件和器件方面应用的最新进展。
