National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2010;2:419-41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081129.
Modern fishing changes the ocean environment in many ways, including disturbing the sea floor, altering the food webs, and shifting many important ecosystem functions. Natural history, oceanographic, habitat, behavior, and ecological information must be integrated to implement meaningful ecosystem-based management. We discuss the urgent need to expand the concept of essential fish habitat to include important food-web relationships. The need for a broader perspective in terms of ecosystem function and the effects of interactive stressors is emphasized to maintain the vitality and resilience of valued ecosystems. Maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions is a key factor in the adaptive capacity of ecosystems to change. We argue that an ecological understanding of resilience embraces uncertainty and encourages multiple approaches to the management of humans such that ecosystem functions are maintained.
现代捕捞在许多方面改变了海洋环境，包括干扰海底、改变食物网以及改变许多重要的生态系统功能。要实施有意义的基于生态系统的管理，就必须整合自然历史、海洋学、生境、行为和生态信息。我们讨论了迫切需要将重要鱼类生境的概念扩大到包括重要的食物网关系。强调需要从生态系统功能和相互作用压力的影响的更广泛的角度来看待这个问题，以保持有价值的生态系统的活力和恢复力。维持多种生态系统功能是生态系统适应变化的关键因素。我们认为，对恢复力的生态理解包含不确定性，并鼓励采用多种方法来管理人类，从而维持生态系统功能。
