National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2010;2:253-78. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081109.
In this review of seamount ecology, we address a number of key scientific issues concerning the structure and function of benthic communities, human impacts, and seamount management and conservation. We consider whether community composition and diversity differ between seamounts and continental slopes, how important dispersal capabilities are in seamount connectivity, what environmental factors drive species composition and diversity, whether seamounts are centers of enhanced biological productivity, and whether they have unique trophic architecture. We discuss how vulnerable seamount communities are to fishing and mining, and how we can balance exploitation of resources and conservation of habitat. Despite considerable advances in recent years, there remain many questions about seamount ecosystems that need closer integration of molecular, oceanographic, and ecological research.
在本次关于海山生态的综述中，我们探讨了一些关键的科学问题，涉及底栖生物群落的结构和功能、人类活动的影响，以及海山的管理和保护。我们考虑了海山和大陆斜坡之间的群落组成和多样性是否存在差异，扩散能力在海山连通性中的重要性如何，哪些环境因素驱动物种组成和多样性，海山是否是生物生产力增强的中心，以及它们是否具有独特的营养结构。我们讨论了脆弱的海山群落如何受到捕捞和采矿的影响，以及我们如何在资源开发和栖息地保护之间取得平衡。尽管近年来取得了相当大的进展，但关于海山生态系统仍有许多问题需要更紧密地整合分子、海洋学和生态学研究。
