Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitarios de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Aug;11(8):1107-13. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0237. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
Flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antigenic complex, including West Nile virus (WNV), are recognized as emerging and reemerging pathogens. Circulation of flaviviruses has been recently detected in different mosquito and vertebrate species in several European countries. A serosurvey study was carried out to evaluate the circulation of WNV and other flaviviruses of the JEV antigenic complex in different wild bird species in Spain between 2006 and 2009. Seropositiviy against JEV using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in common coot, Montagu's Harrier, black kite, black vulture, Bonelli's eagle, Spanish imperial eagle, Egyptian vulture, and Eurasian spoonbill. Seropositivity to JEV antigenic complex viruses was significantly higher in samples collected during autumn compared with animals sampled during summer. Significantly higher seroprevalence was also observed in 2007 compared with 2009, whereas there were no significant differences in seropositivity among taxonomic levels, migratory versus resident behavior, body size (large vs. medium), or habitats (free-ranging vs. captivity). Neutralizing antibodies against WNV were detected in common coot and Spanish imperial eagle using a virus-neutralization test. Oral shedding of WNV was not detected in any of the Spanish imperial eagles, Egyptian vultures, Eurasian Spoonbills, Lammergeiers, and the Black vultures analyzed by means of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that WNV and others flaviviruses of the JEV antigenic group circulated in migratory and resident wild bird species in Spain between 2007 and 2008. Further studies are necessary to determine the precise role that each of these wild bird species, some of them cataloged as "near threatened," "vulnerable," or "endangered," play in the epidemiology of those viruses.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）抗原复合物中的黄病毒，包括西尼罗河病毒（WNV），被认为是新兴和重现的病原体。最近在几个欧洲国家的不同蚊子和脊椎动物物种中检测到黄病毒的循环。一项血清学调查研究于 2006 年至 2009 年在西班牙的不同野生鸟类物种中评估了 WNV 和 JEV 抗原复合物的其他黄病毒的循环。使用竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法发现普通骨顶鸡、麻鹬、黑鸢、黑兀鹫、西班牙兀鹫、埃及秃鹫和欧亚琵鹭对 JEV 呈血清阳性。与夏季采样的动物相比，秋季采集的样本中 JEV 抗原复合物病毒的血清阳性率明显更高。与 2009 年相比，2007 年的血清阳性率也显著更高，而在分类水平、迁徙与居留行为、体型（大与中）或栖息地（自由放养与圈养）之间没有显著差异。使用病毒中和试验在普通骨顶鸡和西班牙兀鹫中检测到针对 WNV 的中和抗体。通过实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析，在任何西班牙兀鹫、埃及秃鹫、欧亚琵鹭、胡兀鹫和黑兀鹫中均未检测到 WNV 的口腔脱落。结果表明，WNV 和 JEV 抗原组的其他黄病毒在 2007 年至 2008 年期间在西班牙的迁徙和居留野生鸟类物种中循环。需要进一步研究以确定这些野生鸟类物种中的每一种，其中一些被列为“近危”、“易危”或“濒危”，在这些病毒的流行病学中所起的确切作用。
