McConnell D, Breitkreuz R, Savage A
Family and Disability Studies Initiative, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Child Care Health Dev. 2011 Sep;37(5):679-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01185.x. Epub 2010 Dec 9.
There is an unequivocal relationship between socio-economic status and child well-being. The Family Stress Model of economic hardship proposes that this relationship is mediated by financial hardship, parenting stress and parenting behaviours. In this study, the Family Stress Model is tested and analysis is extended to examine main and moderating effects of social support.
A survey incorporating well-validated measures of financial hardship, parenting stress, parenting behaviours and child difficulties was sent to 1296 parents who had utilized universal family support services in Alberta, Canada. A total of 923 parents (71%) responded. Hierarchical linear regression was employed to investigate the mediating roles of financial hardship, parenting stress and parenting behaviours, and to investigate main and moderating influences of parental social support.
The study findings generally support the Family Stress Model. The relationship between socio-economic status and child difficulties was mediated by financial hardship and parenting stress. Higher levels of parental social support were associated with lower levels of parenting stress, ineffective parenting and child difficulties. Parental social support was important irrespective of parenting stress levels.
The study findings add to the now critical mass of data showing that parent-child health and well-being is inextricably linked with parental social support. While there is a burgeoning literature on parent training, far less research attention has been given to the development and evaluation of strategies to strengthen parents' social relationships. This is an important direction for future research.
社会经济地位与儿童福祉之间存在明确的关系。经济困难的家庭压力模型提出，这种关系是由经济困难、育儿压力和育儿行为介导的。在本研究中，对家庭压力模型进行了检验，并扩展了分析以考察社会支持的主效应和调节效应。
向1296名在加拿大艾伯塔省使用过普遍家庭支持服务的父母发送了一份调查问卷，其中包含经过充分验证的经济困难、育儿压力、育儿行为和儿童问题的测量指标。共有923名父母（71%）做出了回应。采用分层线性回归来研究经济困难、育儿压力和育儿行为的中介作用，并考察父母社会支持的主效应和调节作用。
研究结果总体上支持家庭压力模型。社会经济地位与儿童问题之间的关系是由经济困难和育儿压力介导的。更高水平的父母社会支持与更低水平的育儿压力、无效育儿和儿童问题相关。无论育儿压力水平如何，父母社会支持都很重要。
研究结果进一步补充了现有的大量数据，表明亲子健康和福祉与父母社会支持有着千丝万缕的联系。虽然关于父母培训的文献不断涌现，但对加强父母社会关系的策略的开发和评估的研究关注却少得多。这是未来研究的一个重要方向。
