Berkow Susan E, Barnard Neal, Eckart Jill, Katcher Heather
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Can J Diet Pract Res. 2010 Winter;71(4):199-204. doi: 10.3148/71.4.2010.199.
Many health conditions are treated, at least in part, by therapeutic diets. Although the success of any intervention depends on its acceptability to the patient, the acceptability of therapeutic diets and factors that influence it have been largely neglected in nutrition research. A working definition of acceptability is proposed and an examination and summary are provided of available data on the acceptability of common diet regimens used for medical conditions. The goal is to suggest ways to improve the success of therapeutic diets. The proposed working definition of "acceptability" refers to the user's judgment of the advantages and disadvantages of a therapeutic diet-in relation to palatability, costs, and effects on eating behaviour and health-that influence the likelihood of adherence. Very low-calorie, reduced-fat omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan, and low-carbohydrate diets all achieve acceptability among the majority of users in studies of up to one year, in terms of attrition and adherence rates and results of questionnaires assessing eating behaviours. Longer studies are fewer, but they suggest that vegetarian, vegan, and reduced-fat diets are acceptable, as indicated by sustained changes in nutrient intake. Few studies of this length have been published for very low-calorie or low-carbohydrate diets. Long-term studies of adherence and acceptability of these and other therapeutic diets are warranted.
许多健康状况至少部分通过治疗性饮食来治疗。尽管任何干预措施的成功都取决于患者对其的接受程度，但治疗性饮食的可接受性及其影响因素在营养研究中大多被忽视。本文提出了可接受性的实用定义，并对用于医疗状况的常见饮食方案的可接受性现有数据进行了审视和总结。目的是提出提高治疗性饮食成功率的方法。所提出的“可接受性”实用定义是指使用者对治疗性饮食在适口性、成本以及对饮食行为和健康的影响方面的优缺点的判断，这些因素会影响坚持的可能性。在长达一年的研究中，就损耗率、坚持率以及评估饮食行为的问卷调查结果而言，极低热量、低脂杂食、素食和纯素食以及低碳水化合物饮食在大多数使用者中都获得了可接受性。更长时间的研究较少，但这些研究表明，从营养摄入量的持续变化来看，素食、纯素食和低脂饮食是可接受的。针对极低热量或低碳水化合物饮食，很少有如此长时间的研究发表。有必要对这些及其他治疗性饮食的长期坚持情况和可接受性进行研究。
