Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 1;12(4):970. doi: 10.3390/nu12040970.
Weight-loss diets are notorious for their low adherence, which is a barrier to efforts to reduce population rates of overweight and obesity. However, there is some evidence that adherence is better among people on other kinds of diets, such as vegan and gluten free. This study aimed to explore the predictors of dietary adherence across five restrictive dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, paleo, gluten free, and weight loss). This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods among 292 adult community members who were following a restrictive dietary pattern. Personality, mental health, and motivational predictors of adherence were examined. Substantial differences in adherence were found between dietary groups, with vegans and vegetarians being particularly high in adherence and gluten-free and weight-loss dieters being comparably low. Four consistent predictors of adherence across different dietary patterns were supported in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Self-efficacy and social identification with one's dietary group positively predicted adherence. Conversely, being motivated in one's dietary choices by mood or by weight control negatively predicted adherence. These findings speak to the importance of social and motivational factors in determining adherence. The results also illustrate the utility of looking beyond weight-loss dieters and virtuous individual traits for insights into how adherence may be improved.
减肥饮食法以其低依从性而臭名昭著，这是降低超重和肥胖人群比例的努力的障碍。然而，有一些证据表明，其他类型的饮食，如素食和无麸质饮食，其依从性更好。本研究旨在探索五种限制饮食模式（素食、纯素、古饮食、无麸质和减肥）的饮食依从性的预测因素。本研究在 292 名遵循限制饮食模式的成年社区成员中同时使用了定性和定量方法。研究了与饮食依从性相关的人格、心理健康和动机预测因素。在饮食组之间发现了显著的依从性差异，素食者和纯素食者的依从性特别高，而无麸质和减肥饮食者的依从性则相对较低。在定量和定性分析中，都支持了四个一致的饮食依从性预测因素。自我效能感和对自己饮食群体的社会认同与饮食依从性呈正相关。相反，饮食动机受情绪或体重控制的影响与饮食依从性呈负相关。这些发现表明，在确定饮食依从性方面，社会和动机因素很重要。研究结果还说明了，除了关注减肥饮食者和有美德的个体特质，了解如何提高饮食依从性也很重要。
