Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
Health Policy. 2011 May;100(2-3):247-55. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
We examined road safety policies and trends in road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Japan between 1970 and 2008 from the viewpoints of population and high-risk-individual approaches to see what lessons can be learned from the example of a country that experienced a decline in RTIs following comprehensive road safety policies.
We reviewed research papers and policy documents, obtained from relevant ministries, decade by decade. We obtained data on RTIs from police and from vital statistics.
Japan started the Fundamental Traffic Safety Program to combat the increase in RTIs, and succeeded in reducing both RTI mortality and morbidity rates in the 1970s by implementing vast road safety improvements, using population approaches with a particular focus on protecting the most vulnerable population groups at that time. However, RTIs increased again in the 1980s because of increasing traffic volume. In the 1990s and 2000s, safety policies targeted at high-risk driving behaviors succeeded in reducing RTI mortality rates but failed to change morbidity rates.
To achieve a safer road environment, more emphasis is required on population approaches that reduce risk among the whole population, with a balance between population and high-risk-individual approaches.
本研究从人口和高危个体角度，分析了 1970 年至 2008 年日本的道路安全政策和道路交通伤害（RTI）趋势，旨在从一个实施全面道路安全政策后 RTI 发生率下降的国家案例中吸取经验教训。
通过查阅相关部委的研究论文和政策文件，按十年一个阶段进行回顾。通过警察和人口统计数据获得 RTI 数据。
日本启动了基本交通安全计划以应对 RTI 的增加，并通过实施广泛的道路安全改进措施，在 20 世纪 70 年代成功降低了 RTI 的死亡率和发病率，该措施主要采用了人口方法，重点保护当时最脆弱的人群。然而，由于交通量的增加，20 世纪 80 年代 RTI 再次上升。在 20 世纪 90 年代和 21 世纪初，针对高危驾驶行为的安全政策成功降低了 RTI 的死亡率，但未能改变发病率。
为了实现更安全的道路环境，需要更加重视降低整个人群风险的人口方法，在人口和高危个体方法之间取得平衡。
