Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Alcohol. 2011 Nov;45(7):663-72. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.10.008. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Excessive consumption of fluoride and ethanol has been identified as injurious to human health. Fluoride and ethanol co-exposures are commonly seen among the alcoholics residing in endemic fluoride areas worldwide. This study was undertaken to examine the modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in rat intestine by subchronic fluoride and ethanol administration. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (fluoride was given orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight), group III (30% ethanol was given orally at a dose of 1 mL/kg body weight), and group IV (a combination of fluoride and ethanol was administered orally at the dose described for groups II and III). Lipid peroxidation was elevated (P<.05) in intestine of rats by fluoride or ethanol treatments for 20 or 40 days. However, glutathione content was reduced by fluoride (32 and 44%) and ethanol (21 and 40%) treatments after 20 and 40 days, respectively. Fluoride-exposed animals showed reduction (P<.05) in the activities of superoxide dismutase (22 and 42%), catalase (30 and 37%), glutathione peroxidase (22 and 35%), glutathione reductase (32 and 34%), and glutathione-S-transferase (24 and 30%) after 20 and 40 days. A similar decrease (P<.05) in the activities of these enzymes was also noticed in animals exposed to ethanol for 20 or 40 days. The observed changes in lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione levels, and enzyme systems were further augmented in intestine of rats exposed to fluoride and ethanol together. Intestinal histology showed large reactive lymphoid follicles along with mild excess of lymphocytes in lamina propria of villi, villous edema, focal ileitis, and necrosis of villi in animals exposed to fluoride and ethanol for 40 days. These findings suggest that fluoride and ethanol exposure induces considerable changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, and morphology of rat intestine, which may affect its functions.
过量摄入氟化物和乙醇已被确定对人类健康有害。在世界范围内氟化物地方性流行地区居住的酗酒者中，常同时存在氟化物和乙醇暴露的情况。本研究旨在观察亚慢性氟化物和乙醇给药对大鼠肠道脂质过氧化和抗氧化防御系统的调节作用。将雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分为四组：第 I 组（对照组）、第 II 组（经口给予氟化物，剂量为 25mg/kg 体重）、第 III 组（经口给予 30%乙醇，剂量为 1mL/kg 体重）和第 IV 组（同时给予氟化物和乙醇，剂量同 II 组和 III 组）。氟化物或乙醇处理 20 或 40 天后，大鼠肠道脂质过氧化水平升高（P<.05）。然而，氟化物处理 20 和 40 天后，大鼠肠道谷胱甘肽含量分别降低 32%和 44%，乙醇处理分别降低 21%和 40%。氟化物暴露动物在 20 和 40 天后超氧化物歧化酶（22%和 42%）、过氧化氢酶（30%和 37%）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（22%和 35%）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（32%和 34%）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（24%和 30%）的活性降低（P<.05）。暴露于乙醇 20 或 40 天后，这些酶的活性也观察到类似的降低（P<.05）。氟化物和乙醇共同暴露的大鼠肠道中脂质过氧化、还原型谷胱甘肽水平和酶系统的变化进一步增加。暴露于氟化物和乙醇 40 天后的大鼠肠道组织学显示，绒毛固有层中存在大的反应性淋巴滤泡，伴有轻度淋巴细胞增多，绒毛水肿，灶性回肠炎和绒毛坏死。这些发现表明，氟化物和乙醇暴露可引起大鼠肠道脂质过氧化、抗氧化防御和形态的显著变化，这可能影响其功能。
