Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P.R. China.
Mycologia. 2004 Nov-Dec;96(6):1218-24.
Nematophagous basidiomycete fungi kill nematodes by trapping, endoparasitizing and producing toxin. In our studies Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll. : Fr.) Pers. is found to be a nematode-destroying fungus; this fungus immobilizes, kills and uses free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus Goodey and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria Neal. C. comatus produces an unusual structure designated spiny ball. Set on a sporophore-like branch, the spiny ball is a burr-like structure assembled with a large number of tiny tubes. Purified spiny balls exhibit moderate nematicidal activity. Experiments show that spiny balls are not chlamydospores because of the absence of nuclei in the structures and quick formation within 3 d in a young colony. Nematodes added to C. comatus cultures on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and cornmeal agar (CMA) become inactive in hours. Infection of nematodes by the fungus occurs only after the nematodes are immobilized (feeble or dead), probably by a toxin. Electron micrographs illustrate that C. comatus infect P. redivivus by producing penetration pegs with which hyphae colonize nematode bodies. An infected nematode is digested and consumed within days and hyphae grow out of the nematode.
食线虫担子菌通过捕捉、内寄生和产生毒素来杀死线虫。在我们的研究中，发现毛头鬼伞（Coprinus comatus）（O.F.Müll.：Fr.）是一种破坏线虫的真菌；这种真菌可以使自由生活的线虫潘格尔鲁斯·雷迪维乌斯（Panagrellus redivivus）和根结线虫（Meloidogyne arenaria）失去活动能力、死亡并被其利用。毛头鬼伞产生一种特殊的结构，称为刺球。刺球安装在类似于孢子果的分支上，是一种带有大量微小管的毛刺状结构。纯化的刺球具有中等的杀线虫活性。实验表明，由于结构中没有细胞核，并且在年轻菌落中 3 天内迅速形成，刺球不是厚垣孢子。将线虫添加到马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）和玉米粉琼脂（CMA）上的毛头鬼伞培养物中，线虫在数小时内失去活性。只有在线虫被固定（虚弱或死亡）后，真菌才会感染线虫，这可能是通过毒素。电子显微镜图像说明了毛头鬼伞通过产生穿透钉来感染潘格尔鲁斯·雷迪维乌斯，菌丝通过穿透钉在线虫体内定殖。被感染的线虫在数天内被消化和消耗，菌丝从线虫中长出来。
