Lynberg M C, Khoury M J
Birth Defects and Genetic Disease Branch, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control.
MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1990 Jul;39(3):1-12.
Linked birth/infant death data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the 1983 U.S. birth cohort, the latest year for which linked data were available, were evaluated in order to assess the contribution of birth defects to infant mortality among racial/ethnic groups. Of the 34,566 singleton infant deaths with specified birth weight born to U.S. residents, birth defects were listed as an underlying cause of death for 7,678 (22.2%) infants and as a contributing cause of death for an additional 1,006 (2.9%) infants. Infant mortality rates due to birth defects were highest among American Indians (2.9 deaths/1,000 live births), followed by Asians and Hispanics (2.6), and blacks (2.5). Proportional mortality due to birth defects varied among racial/ethnic groups; it was greatest among Asians (27%), followed by whites (25%), Hispanics (24%), American Indians (18%), and blacks (13%). Also, infant mortality rates due to birth defects were high among minority infants of low birth weight, particularly among those born weighing between 1,500 and 2,499 g. Within this group of infants, proportional mortality due to birth defects ranged from 52% among Asians to 29% among blacks. These data indicated that birth defects were an important contributor to infant mortality among all racial/ethnic groups. Birth-defects surveillance systems should be used to evaluate whether racial/ethnic differences in infant mortality from birth defects are due to differences in incidence and/or survival among minority infants with birth defects.
对美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）提供的1983年美国出生队列的关联出生/婴儿死亡数据（可获取关联数据的最新年份）进行了评估，以评估出生缺陷对不同种族/族裔群体婴儿死亡率的影响。在美国居民出生的34,566例有特定出生体重的单胎婴儿死亡中，出生缺陷被列为7,678例（22.2%）婴儿的根本死因，另有1,006例（2.9%）婴儿的促成死因。因出生缺陷导致的婴儿死亡率在美国印第安人中最高（每1,000例活产中有2.9例死亡），其次是亚洲人和西班牙裔（2.6例），以及黑人（2.5例）。因出生缺陷导致的比例死亡率在不同种族/族裔群体中有所不同；在亚洲人中最高（27%），其次是白人（25%）、西班牙裔（24%）、美国印第安人（18%）和黑人（13%）。此外，低出生体重的少数族裔婴儿中因出生缺陷导致的婴儿死亡率也很高，尤其是出生体重在1,500至2,499克之间的婴儿。在这组婴儿中，因出生缺陷导致的比例死亡率从亚洲人的52%到黑人的29%不等。这些数据表明，出生缺陷是所有种族/族裔群体婴儿死亡的一个重要因素。出生缺陷监测系统应用于评估出生缺陷导致的婴儿死亡率的种族/族裔差异是否是由于有出生缺陷的少数族裔婴儿在发病率和/或存活率方面的差异所致。
