Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Dec;34 Suppl 2:S24-31. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.236.
First Nations populations in Northwestern Ontario have undergone profound dietary and lifestyle transformations in less than 50 years, which have contributed to the alarming rise in obesity and obesity-related diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even though the genetic background of First Nations peoples differs from that of the Caucasians, genetics alone cannot explain such a high prevalence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Modifications in lifestyle and diet are major contributors for the high prevalence of chronic diseases. What remains constant in the literature is the persistent view that locally harvested and prepared foods are of tremendous value to First Nations peoples providing important health and cultural benefits that are increasingly being undermined by western-based food habits. However, the complexities of maintaining a traditional diet require a multifaceted approach, which acknowledges the relationship between benefits, risks and viability that cannot be achieved using purely conventional medical and biological approaches. This brief review explores the biological predispositions and potential environmental factors that contribute to the development of the high incidence of obesity and obesity-related diseases in First Nations communities in Northern Canada. It also highlights some of the complexities of establishing exact physiological causes and providing effective solutions.
在不到 50 年的时间里，安大略省西北部的第一民族人口经历了深刻的饮食和生活方式的转变，这导致了肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的惊人上升，尤其是 2 型糖尿病。尽管第一民族的遗传背景与高加索人不同，但仅凭遗传因素无法解释肥胖和 2 型糖尿病如此高发的现象。生活方式和饮食的改变是导致慢性病高发的主要因素。文献中始终存在的观点是，当地收获和准备的食物对第一民族具有巨大价值，为他们提供了重要的健康和文化益处，而这些益处正日益受到基于西方的饮食习惯的破坏。然而，维持传统饮食的复杂性需要采取多方面的方法，承认益处、风险和可行性之间的关系，而这些关系不能仅通过纯粹的传统医学和生物学方法来实现。本综述探讨了导致加拿大北部第一民族社区肥胖和肥胖相关疾病高发的生物学倾向和潜在环境因素。它还强调了确定确切生理原因和提供有效解决方案的一些复杂性。
