Johnson-Down L, Labonte M E, Martin I D, Tsuji L J S, Nieboer E, Dewailly E, Egeland G, Lucas M
Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Jan;25(1):85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
Indigenous people worldwide have a greater disease burden than their non-aboriginal counterparts with health challenges that include increased obesity and higher prevalence of diabetes. We investigate the relationships of dietary patterns with nutritional biomarkers, selected environmental contaminants and measures of insulin resistance in the Cree (Eeyouch) of northern Québec Canada.
The cross-sectional 'Nituuchischaayihitaau Aschii: A Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study in Eeyou Istchee' recruited 835 adult participants (≥18 y) from 7 communities in the James Bay region of northern Québec. The three dietary patterns identified by principal component analysis (PCA) were: inland and coastal patterns with loadings on traditional foods, and a junk food pattern with high-fat and high-sugar foods. We investigated dietary patterns scores (in quantiles) in relation with nutritional biomarkers, environmental contaminants, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. ANCOVA ascertained relationships between dietary patterns relationship and outcomes. Greater scores for the traditional patterns were associated with higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (P trend <0.001). Higher scores for the junk food pattern were associated with lower levels of PCBs and Vitamin D, but higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR.
Our results suggest that poor diet quality accompanied greater insulin resistance. Impacts of diet quality on insulin resistance, as a sign of metabolism perturbation, deserve more attention in this indigenous population with high rates of obesity and diabetes.
全球范围内，原住民比非原住民承受着更大的疾病负担，面临着包括肥胖率上升和糖尿病患病率更高在内的健康挑战。我们调查了加拿大魁北克省北部克里族（Eeyouch）的饮食模式与营养生物标志物、选定的环境污染物以及胰岛素抵抗指标之间的关系。
横断面研究“Nituuchischaayihitaau Aschii：伊尤伊斯切地区多社区环境与健康研究”从魁北克省北部詹姆斯湾地区的7个社区招募了835名成年参与者（≥18岁）。通过主成分分析（PCA）确定的三种饮食模式为：以内陆和沿海传统食物为主的模式，以及以高脂肪和高糖食物为主的垃圾食品模式。我们研究了饮食模式得分（按分位数）与营养生物标志物、环境污染物、人体测量学、血压、空腹血糖和胰岛素以及胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。采用稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）作为胰岛素抵抗的替代指标。协方差分析确定了饮食模式与结果之间的关系。传统模式得分越高，n-3脂肪酸、汞和多氯联苯（PCBs）水平越高（P趋势<0.001）。垃圾食品模式得分越高，PCBs和维生素D水平越低，但空腹血浆胰岛素和HOMA-IR越高。
我们的结果表明，饮食质量差与更大的胰岛素抵抗有关。在这个肥胖和糖尿病发病率高的原住民群体中，饮食质量对胰岛素抵抗的影响作为代谢紊乱的一个迹象，值得更多关注。
