Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2010 Dec 2;5(12):e14179. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014179.
Chlamydia comprises a group of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites responsible for a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including several zoonoses. Chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases such as trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Chlamydia psittaci, causing zoonotic pneumonia in humans, is usually hosted by birds, while Chlamydia abortus, causing abortion and fetal death in mammals, including humans, is mainly hosted by goats and sheep. We used multi-locus sequence typing to asses the population structure of Chlamydia. In total, 132 Chlamydia isolates were analyzed, including 60 C. trachomatis, 18 C. pneumoniae, 16 C. abortus, 34 C. psittaci and one of each of C. pecorum, C. caviae, C. muridarum and C. felis. Cluster analyses utilizing the Neighbour-Joining algorithm with the maximum composite likelihood model of concatenated sequences of 7 housekeeping fragments showed that C. psittaci 84/2334 isolated from a parrot grouped together with the C. abortus isolates from goats and sheep. Cluster analyses of the individual alleles showed that in all instances C. psittaci 84/2334 formed one group with C. abortus. Moving 84/2334 from the C. psittaci group to the C. abortus group resulted in a significant increase in the number of fixed differences and elimination of the number of shared mutations between C. psittaci and C. abortus. C. psittaci M56 from a muskrat branched separately from the main group of C. psittaci isolates. C. psittaci genotypes appeared to be associated with host species. The phylogenetic tree of C. psittaci did not follow that of its host bird species, suggesting host species jumps. In conclusion, we report for the first time an association between C. psittaci genotypes with host species.
衣原体包括一组专性细胞内细菌寄生虫,可导致人类和动物的多种疾病,包括几种人畜共患病。沙眼衣原体引起沙眼、泌尿生殖道感染和性病淋巴肉芽肿等疾病,发病率较高。肺炎衣原体是社区获得性呼吸道感染的常见原因。引起人类动物衣原体肺炎的鹦鹉热衣原体通常由鸟类携带,而引起哺乳动物(包括人类)流产和胎儿死亡的衣原体流产通常由山羊和绵羊携带。我们使用多位点序列分型来评估衣原体的种群结构。共分析了 132 株衣原体分离株,包括 60 株沙眼衣原体、18 株肺炎衣原体、16 株衣原体流产、34 株鹦鹉热衣原体和 1 株衣原体牛羊亚种、衣原体仓鼠亚种、衣原体鼠亚种和衣原体猫亚种。利用基于最大复合似然模型的邻接法对 7 个管家基因片段串联序列进行聚类分析表明,从一只鹦鹉中分离出的鹦鹉热衣原体 84/2334 与来自山羊和绵羊的衣原体流产分离株聚集在一起。各等位基因的聚类分析表明,在所有情况下,鹦鹉热衣原体 84/2334 与衣原体流产形成一个群体。将 84/2334 从鹦鹉热衣原体组转移到衣原体流产组,导致固定差异的数量显著增加,并消除了鹦鹉热衣原体和衣原体流产之间的共享突变数量。从麝鼠中分离出的鹦鹉热衣原体 M56 与主要的鹦鹉热衣原体分离株分离。鹦鹉热衣原体基因型似乎与宿主物种有关。鹦鹉热衣原体的系统发育树没有遵循其宿主鸟类物种的系统发育树,这表明宿主物种发生了跳跃。总之,我们首次报告了鹦鹉热衣原体基因型与宿主物种之间的关联。