Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, The Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning province, Dalian 116023, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Oct 15;11(10):3933-41. doi: 10.3390/ijms11103933.
Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is a cold-tolerant bivalve that was introduced to China for aquaculture in 1982. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to investigate levels of genetic diversity within M. yessoensis cultured stocks and compare them with wild populations. Six pairs of primer combinations generated 368 loci among 332 individuals, in four cultured and three wild populations. High polymorphism at AFLP markers was found within both cultured and wild M. yessoensis populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 61.04% to 72.08%, while the mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.2116 to 0.2596. Compared with wild populations, the four hatchery populations showed significant genetic changes, such as lower expected heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci, and smaller frequency of private alleles, all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity. Some genetic structures were associated with the geographical distribution of samples; with all samples from Dalian and Japan being closely related, while the population from Russia fell into a distinct clade in the phylogenetic analysis. The genetic information derived from this study indicated that intentional or accidental release of selected Japanese scallops into natural sea areas might result in disturbance of local gene pools and loss of genetic variability. We recommend monitoring the genetic variability of selected hatchery populations to enhance conservation of natural Japanese scallop resources.
日本扇贝（Mizuhopecten yessoensis）是一种耐寒的双壳贝类，于 1982 年被引入中国进行水产养殖。本研究采用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）标记，调查了养殖种群和野生种群的遗传多样性水平，并进行了比较。在四个养殖和三个野生群体的 332 个个体中，用 6 对引物组合共产生了 368 个位点。养殖和野生日本扇贝种群内均存在高度的 AFLP 标记多态性。多态性位点比例范围为 61.04%至 72.08%，而平均杂合度范围为 0.2116 至 0.2596。与野生种群相比，四个养殖群体表现出显著的遗传变化，如预期杂合度和多态性位点比例降低，以及特有等位基因频率降低，均表明遗传多样性降低。一些遗传结构与样品的地理分布有关；所有来自大连和日本的样品密切相关，而来自俄罗斯的种群在系统发育分析中属于一个明显的分支。本研究获得的遗传信息表明，有意或无意地将选择的日本扇贝释放到自然海域可能会干扰当地的基因库，并导致遗传变异性丧失。我们建议监测选定养殖种群的遗传多样性，以加强对天然日本扇贝资源的保护。
