High Performance National Sports Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010 Dec 15;5:30. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-5-30.
Tennis is a professional sport under a strict anti-doping control. However, since the first violation of the code, the positive cases have not been statistically studied. The objective of this study was to analyze doping offences in the international professional tennis circuit.
All offences to the Doping Code committed by tennis players during 2003-2009 were collected from the ITF official webpage, registered and analyzed.
An average of 1905.7 (±174.5) samples was obtained per year. Fifty-two doping offences were reported and the overall incidence of positive doping samples accounted for 0.38% and 7.4 (±4.1) cases/year. Male players showed higher incidence doping offences than females (p = 0.0004). The incidence in wheelchair players was higher than in non-handicapped subjects (p = 0.0001)Banned substance distribution showed: stimulants 32.69%, cannabis 23.07%; anabolic 11.53%, diuretics and masking agents 11.53, β2-agonists 9.61%; corticosteroids 3.84%, others 3.84%. The overall incidence of 'social drugs' (cocaine, cannabis) was 36.53%. All EPO and blood samples were normal, while the incidence of 'out-of-competition' offences was 0.12%. The lower incidence of doping was found in Grand Slams tournaments.
The incidence of positive doping samples among professional tennis players is quite low supporting the assumption that there is no evidence of systematic doping in Tennis. "Social drugs" misuse constitutes the main problem of doping in tennis. Male and wheelchair tennis players showed higher risk of infringing the doping code than their females and non-handicapped counterparts. Findings of this study should help to determine the direction of the ongoing strategy in the fight against doping in Tennis.
网球是一项受到严格反兴奋剂控制的职业运动。然而，自首例违规事件以来，阳性案例尚未进行统计研究。本研究的目的是分析国际职业网球巡回赛中的兴奋剂违规行为。
从国际网球联合会官方网页上收集了 2003-2009 年期间网球运动员违反兴奋剂规则的所有违规行为，并进行了登记和分析。
平均每年获得 1905.7（±174.5）个样本。报告了 52 例兴奋剂违规行为，阳性兴奋剂样本的总发生率为 0.38%，每年 7.4（±4.1）例。男性运动员的兴奋剂违规发生率高于女性（p = 0.0004）。轮椅运动员的发生率高于非残疾运动员（p = 0.0001）。禁用物质分布为：兴奋剂 32.69%，大麻 23.07%；合成代谢类固醇 11.53%，利尿剂和掩蔽剂 11.53%，β2-激动剂 9.61%；皮质类固醇 3.84%，其他 3.84%。“社交类药物”（可卡因、大麻）的总发生率为 36.53%。所有促红细胞生成素和血液样本均正常，而“非比赛期间”的违规发生率为 0.12%。大满贯赛事中的兴奋剂违规发生率较低。
职业网球运动员中阳性兴奋剂样本的发生率相当低，这支持了网球界没有系统使用兴奋剂的假设。“社交类药物”滥用是网球兴奋剂问题的主要原因。男性和轮椅网球运动员比女性和非残疾运动员更有可能违反兴奋剂规则。本研究的结果应有助于确定当前打击网球界兴奋剂策略的方向。
