Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jan;31(1):10-4. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.200980.
Cells of various types release small membrane vesicles called microparticles (MP) on their activation, as well as during the process of apoptosis. The properties and roles of MP generated in different contexts are diverse and are determined by their parent cell and the pathway of their generation, which affects their content. MP are involved in multiple cellular functions, including immunomodulation, inflammation, coagulation, and intercellular communication. MP are able to deliver molecular signals in the form of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, or functional transmembrane proteins from the parent cell to distantly located targets. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge regarding MP and their functional roles in transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and signal transduction stimulators between cells of different origins in different settings. We will focus on the ability of MP to mediate angiogenesis-related signals and their effect on cell development. The investigation of MP could elucidate new cellular communication pathways and may lead to better understanding of pathophysiological processes. From a clinical point of view, MP may serve as biomarkers for disease status and may be found useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting angiogenesis-related conditions.
各种类型的细胞在激活时以及细胞凋亡过程中会释放称为微泡（MP）的小膜囊泡。不同情况下产生的 MP 的特性和作用是多种多样的，取决于其亲本细胞和产生途径，这会影响其内容物。MP 参与多种细胞功能，包括免疫调节、炎症、凝血和细胞间通讯。MP 能够以脂质、蛋白质、核酸或功能型跨膜蛋白的形式从亲本细胞向远处的靶标传递分子信号。在这篇综述中，我们总结了一些关于 MP 的最新知识，以及它们在不同环境下不同来源的细胞之间传递蛋白质、核酸和信号转导刺激物的功能作用。我们将重点关注 MP 介导与血管生成相关的信号的能力及其对细胞发育的影响。对 MP 的研究可以阐明新的细胞通讯途径，并可能有助于更好地理解病理生理过程。从临床角度来看，MP 可以作为疾病状态的生物标志物，并可能有助于开发针对与血管生成相关的疾病的新型治疗策略。
