Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de l'Endothélium - UMR_S 608 INSERM, Université de la Mediterranée, Marseille, France.
Thromb Haemost. 2010 Sep;104(3):456-63. doi: 10.1160/TH10-02-0111. Epub 2010 Jul 20.
Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are complex vesicular structures that can be shed by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells. EMP are composed of a phospholipid bilayer that exposes transmembrane proteins and receptors and encloses cytosolic components such as enzymes, transcription factors and mRNA derived from their parent cells. Thus, EMP behave as biological conveyors playing a key role in the tuning of vascular homeostasis. This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of EMP, notably in coagulation, inflammation and angiogenesis and also on the mechanisms that trigger their formation. In this context, EMP could compromise vascular homeostasis and then represent key players in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. Consequently, elucidating their role and their mechanisms of formation will bring new insights into the understanding of endothelial-associated diseases. Moreover, in the future, it can open novel therapeutic perspectives based on the inhibition of EMP release.
内皮细胞来源的微颗粒（EMP）是由激活或凋亡的内皮细胞释放的复杂囊泡结构。EMP 由磷脂双分子层组成，暴露跨膜蛋白和受体，并包含细胞质成分，如酶、转录因子和来自其母细胞的 mRNA。因此，EMP 作为生物载体发挥作用，在调节血管稳态中发挥关键作用。本综述重点介绍了 EMP 的多方面作用，特别是在凝血、炎症和血管生成中的作用，以及触发其形成的机制。在这种情况下，EMP 可能破坏血管稳态，然后成为几种炎症和血栓性疾病发病机制中的关键因素。因此，阐明其作用及其形成机制将为理解与内皮相关的疾病提供新的见解。此外，未来可以基于抑制 EMP 释放来开辟新的治疗前景。
