Andreana Lorenzo, Isgrò Graziella, Pleguezuelo Maria, Germani Giacomo, Burroughs Andrew K
Lorenzo Andreana, Graziella Isgrò, Maria Pleguezuelo, Giacomo Germani, Andrew K Burroughs, The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Center, Departement of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
World J Hepatol. 2009 Oct 31;1(1):48-61. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v1.i1.48.
Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequent because of surveillance programs for HCC worldwide. The optimal strategy of surveillance in cirrhosis is a current topical issue. In terms of diagnosis, recent advances in non-invasive imaging technology, including various techniques of harmonic ultrasound, new ultrasound contrast agents, multi-slice helical computed tomography and rapid high quality magnetic resonance, have all improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Consequently the role of liver biopsy in diagnosis of HCC has declined. The imaging diagnosis relies on the hallmark of arterial hypervascularity with portal venous washout. However, with recent advances in genomics and proteomics a great number of potential serum and tissue markers have been identified and are being developed as new candidate markers for both diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and may increase the need for liver biopsy.
由于全球范围内针对肝细胞癌（HCC）的监测项目，HCC的早期识别更为常见。肝硬化监测的最佳策略是当前的热门话题。在诊断方面，包括各种谐波超声技术、新型超声造影剂、多层螺旋计算机断层扫描和快速高质量磁共振成像在内的非侵入性成像技术的最新进展，都提高了诊断的准确性。因此，肝活检在HCC诊断中的作用已经下降。成像诊断依赖于动脉期高血供伴门静脉期廓清的特征。然而，随着基因组学和蛋白质组学的最新进展，大量潜在的血清和组织标志物已被识别，并正在开发成为肝细胞癌诊断和预后的新候选标志物，这可能会增加肝活检的需求。
