Variation in crossover rates across a 3-Mb contig of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) reveals the presence of a meiotic recombination hotspot.

In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), initial studies using deletion lines indicated that crossover (CO) events occur mainly in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes with a possible correlation with the presence of genes. However, little is known about the distribution of COs at the sequence level. To investigate this, we studied in detail the pattern of COs along a contig of 3.110 Mb using two F2 segregating populations (Chinese Spring × Renan (F2-CsRe) and Chinese Spring × Courtot (F2-CsCt)) each containing ~2,000 individuals. The availability of the sequence of the contig from Cs enabled the development of 318 markers among which 23 co-dominant polymorphic markers (11 SSRs and 12 SNPs) were selected for CO distribution analyses. The distribution of CO events was not homogeneous throughout the contig, ranging from 0.05 to 2.77 cM/Mb, but was conserved between the two populations despite very different contig recombination rate averages (0.82 cM/Mb in F2-CsRe vs 0.35 cM/Mb in F2-CsCt). The CO frequency was correlated with the percentage of coding sequence in Cs and with the polymorphism rate between Cs and Re or Ct in both populations, indicating an impact of these two factors on CO distribution. At a finer scale, COs were found in a region covering 2.38 kb, spanning a gene coding for a glycosyl transferase (Hga3), suggesting the presence of a CO hotspot. A non-crossover event covering at least 453 bp was also identified in the same interval. From these results, we can conclude that gene content could be one of the factors driving recombination in bread wheat.