Goujon Annabelle
Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive-CNRS, Universite de Provence, Marseille, France.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2011 May;64(5):920-41. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2010.526231. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
The present study examined the extent to which learning mechanisms are deployed on semantic-categorical regularities during a visual searching within real-world scenes. The contextual cueing paradigm was used with photographs of indoor scenes in which the semantic category did or did not predict the target position on the screen. No evidence of a facilitation effect was observed in the predictive condition compared to the nonpredictive condition when participants were merely instructed to search for a target T or L (Experiment 1). However, a rapid contextual cueing effect occurred when each display containing the search target was preceded by a preview of the scene on which participants had to make a decision regarding the scene's category (Experiment 2). A follow-up explicit memory task indicated that this benefit resulted from implicit learning. Similar implicit contextual cueing effects were also obtained when the scene to categorize was different from the subsequent search scene (Experiment 3) and when a mere preview of the search scene preceded the visual searching (Experiment 4). These results suggested that if enhancing the processing of the scene was required with the present material, such implicit semantic learning can nevertheless take place when the category is task irrelevant.
本研究考察了在真实场景中的视觉搜索过程中，学习机制在语义分类规律上的应用程度。采用情境线索范式，使用室内场景照片，其中语义类别预测或不预测屏幕上的目标位置。当参与者仅被指示搜索目标T或L时，与非预测条件相比，在预测条件下未观察到促进效应（实验1）。然而，当每个包含搜索目标的显示之前都有一个场景预览，参与者必须对该场景的类别做出决定时，会出现快速的情境线索效应（实验2）。一项后续的显性记忆任务表明，这种益处源于内隐学习。当用于分类的场景与后续搜索场景不同时（实验3），以及当在视觉搜索之前仅对搜索场景进行预览时（实验4），也获得了类似的内隐情境线索效应。这些结果表明，如果使用当前材料需要增强对场景的加工，那么当类别与任务无关时，这种内隐语义学习仍然可以发生。
