Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212N 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2011 Sep;50(6):455-63. doi: 10.1007/s00394-010-0152-5. Epub 2010 Dec 17.
Isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate or fat intake could alter subsequent ad libitum food intake.
In a controlled inpatient study, we investigated whether isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate or fat would alter subsequent ad libitum energy intake. Eighteen non-diabetic subjects (age range 19-53 years.; 15 M/3F; % body fat 38.5 ± 9.1 (mean ± SD)) were fed for 3 days an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet (HC; 60% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 20% protein) and a high-fat diet (HF; 50% fat, 30% carbohydrate, 20% protein) in random order each followed by 3 days of ad libitum food intake.
There were no differences in mean daily energy intake (EI) following each diet (HC vs. HF: 4,811 ± 1,190 vs. 4,823 ± 1,238 kcal/d; P = 0.7) or in the percent of weight maintenance energy needs (%EN-WM; 173 ± 41 vs. 173 ± 46%, P = 0.5). However, the individual difference in EI between the HF versus HC diet (ΔEI) both on day one and over the 3 days of each ad libitum period was negatively associated with % body fat (%BF) and waist circumference (day 1: ΔEI vs. %BF, r = -0.49, P = 0.04; mean day 1-3 kcal ΔEI vs. %BF, r = -0.66, P = 0.003, and ΔEI vs. waist, r = -0.65, P = 0.004).
A short-term isocaloric HC diet did not result in overall lower EI compared with a HF diet in the same individuals. However, we did find that increasing body fat was associated with less decline in EI following the HC versus HF diet indicating that increasing adiposity is associated with altered regulation of EI in response to macronutrient changes.
对碳水化合物或脂肪摄入进行等热量操纵可能会改变随后的随意性食物摄入。
在一项对照住院研究中，我们研究了对碳水化合物或脂肪进行等热量操纵是否会改变随后的随意性能量摄入。18 名非糖尿病受试者（年龄范围 19-53 岁；15 名男性/3 名女性；%体脂 38.5 ± 9.1（平均值 ± 标准差））连续 3 天分别接受等热量高碳水化合物饮食（HC；60%碳水化合物、20%脂肪、20%蛋白质）和高脂肪饮食（HF；50%脂肪、30%碳水化合物、20%蛋白质），然后进行 3 天随意性食物摄入。
两种饮食后的平均每日能量摄入（EI）没有差异（HC 与 HF：4811 ± 1190 与 4823 ± 1238 kcal/d；P = 0.7）或维持体重所需能量的百分比（%EN-WM；173 ± 41 与 173 ± 46%，P = 0.5）。然而，HF 与 HC 饮食之间 EI 的个体差异（ΔEI）在第一天和每个随意性期间的 3 天内均呈负相关与%体脂（%BF）和腰围（第 1 天：ΔEI 与 %BF，r = -0.49，P = 0.04；第 1-3 天平均 kcal ΔEI 与 %BF，r = -0.66，P = 0.003，以及 ΔEI 与腰围，r = -0.65，P = 0.004）。
在相同个体中，短期等热量 HC 饮食不会导致整体 EI 低于 HF 饮食。然而，我们确实发现，随着体脂的增加，HC 与 HF 饮食之间 EI 的下降幅度较小，这表明随着体脂的增加，EI 对宏量营养素变化的调节发生改变。
