Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Apr;127(4):892-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
Airway hyperresponsiveness is highly prevalent in competitive swimmers, but it is unknown whether this is transient or persistent.
To document changes in airway responsiveness and airway inflammation in elite swimmers during intense training and rest.
Nineteen swimmers and 16 healthy controls completed a standardized questionnaire, allergy skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide measurement, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea testing, methacholine challenge, and induced sputum analysis. Testing was performed during intense swimming and after at least 2 weeks of rest.
Sixteen swimmers and 13 controls were atopic. Airway responsiveness to methacholine and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea was significantly higher in swimmers than in controls (P < .0001). A significant decrease in airway responsiveness was observed from training to rest in swimmers only (P < .005). This occurred with both methacholine challenge--with PC(20) values of 6.0 mg/mL and 12.8 mg/mL, respectively--and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea testing--with a maximum fall in FEV(1) after voluntary testing of 14.1 L and 10.1 L, respectively. Eight of 12 swimmers with airway hyperresponsiveness during intense training had normal airway responsiveness during rest. No airway inflammation occurred, and no significant change in this parameter was observed from training to rest.
Training may contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in elite swimmers, but this seems reversible in many athletes after training cessation for at least 2 weeks.
气道高反应性在竞技游泳运动员中非常普遍，但尚不清楚这是短暂的还是持续的。
记录在剧烈训练和休息期间，优秀游泳运动员气道反应性和气道炎症的变化。
19 名游泳运动员和 16 名健康对照者完成了标准化问卷、过敏皮肤点刺试验、呼出气一氧化氮测量、呼气末正压通气试验、乙酰甲胆碱激发试验和诱导痰分析。在剧烈游泳期间和至少 2 周休息后进行测试。
16 名游泳运动员和 13 名对照者为特应性。与对照组相比，游泳运动员对乙酰甲胆碱和呼气末正压通气的气道反应性明显更高（P<0.0001）。仅在游泳运动员中，从训练到休息时气道反应性显著下降（P<0.005）。这发生在乙酰甲胆碱激发试验和呼气末正压通气试验中，PC20 值分别为 6.0mg/ml 和 12.8mg/ml，最大 FEV1 下降分别为 14.1L 和 10.1L。12 名在剧烈运动时气道高反应性的游泳运动员中，有 8 名在休息时气道反应性正常。没有发生气道炎症，且从训练到休息时，该参数没有明显变化。
训练可能导致优秀游泳运动员气道高反应性的发展，但在至少 2 周的训练停止后，许多运动员似乎可以恢复正常。
