Morici Giuseppe, Gruttad'Auria Claudia I, Baiamonte Pierpaolo, Mazzuca Emilia, Castrogiovanni Alessandra, Bonsignore Maria R
BioNeC Dept, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR, Palermo, Italy.
DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Breathe (Sheff). 2016 Jun;12(2):140-7. doi: 10.1183/20734735.007016.
To illustrate the characteristics of endurance exercise training and its positive effects on health.To provide an overview on the effects of endurance training on airway cells and bronchial reactivity.To summarise the current knowledge on respiratory health problems in elite athletes. Endurance exercise training exerts many positive effects on health, including improved metabol-ism, reduction of cardiovascular risk, and reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Intense endurance exercise causes mild epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways, but does not appear to exert detrimental effects on respiratory health or bronchial reactivity in recreational/non-elite athletes. Conversely, elite athletes of both summer and winter sports show increased susceptibility to development of asthma, possibly related to environmental exposures to allergens or poor conditioning of inspired air, so that a distinct phenotype of "sports asthma" has been proposed to characterise such athletes, who more often practise aquatic and winter sports. Overall, endurance training is good for health but may become deleterious when performed at high intensity or volume.
阐述耐力运动训练的特点及其对健康的积极影响。概述耐力训练对气道细胞和支气管反应性的影响。总结当前关于精英运动员呼吸健康问题的知识。耐力运动训练对健康有许多积极影响，包括改善新陈代谢、降低心血管风险以及降低全因死亡率和心血管死亡率。剧烈的耐力运动会导致气道轻度上皮损伤和炎症，但在业余/非精英运动员中似乎不会对呼吸健康或支气管反应性产生有害影响。相反，夏季和冬季运动的精英运动员患哮喘的易感性增加，这可能与环境中过敏原暴露或吸入空气调节不佳有关，因此有人提出一种独特的“运动性哮喘”表型来描述这类更常从事水上和冬季运动的运动员。总体而言，耐力训练对健康有益，但在高强度或高运动量进行时可能会产生有害影响。
