Harkema J R
Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87185.
Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Apr;85:231-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.85-1568334.
The nasal cavity is susceptible to chemically induced injury as a result of exposure to inhaled irritants. Some responses of the nasal mucosa to inhaled toxicants are species specific. These species-related differences in response may be due to variations in structural, physiologic, and biochemical factors, such as gross nasal cavity structure, distribution of luminal epithelial cell populations along the nasal airway, intranasal airflow patterns, nasal mucociliary apparatus, and nasal xenobiotic metabolism among animal species. This paper reviews the comparative anatomy and irritant-induced pathology of the nasal cavity in laboratory animals. The toxicologist, pathologist, and environmental risk assessor must have a good working knowledge of the similarities and differences in normal nasal structure and response to injury among species before they can select animal models for nasal toxicity studies, recognize toxicant-induced lesions in the nasal airway, and extrapolate experimental results to estimate the possible effects of an inhaled toxicant on the human nasal airway.
由于接触吸入性刺激物，鼻腔易受到化学诱导损伤。鼻黏膜对吸入性毒物的一些反应具有物种特异性。这些与物种相关的反应差异可能归因于结构、生理和生化因素的变化，如鼻腔大体结构、鼻气道管腔上皮细胞群体的分布、鼻内气流模式、鼻黏液纤毛装置以及动物物种间的鼻外源性物质代谢。本文综述了实验动物鼻腔的比较解剖学和刺激物诱导的病理学。毒理学家、病理学家和环境风险评估人员在选择用于鼻腔毒性研究的动物模型、识别鼻气道中毒物诱导的病变以及推断实验结果以估计吸入性毒物对人类鼻气道可能产生的影响之前，必须充分了解不同物种正常鼻腔结构及其对损伤反应的异同。
