Newman S P, Simonds A K
Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Lung. 1990;168 Suppl:685-91. doi: 10.1007/BF02718195.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common presenting symptom in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical trials have shown that inhaled pentamidine, delivered by nebulizer, is an effective prophylaxis for PCP in high-risk patients, and can be used to treat mild to moderate episodes. Side effects are minor, in marked contrast to the parenteral route of administration. The choice of nebulizer system will determine both alveolar delivery of pentamidine and the incidence of cough related to deposition of droplets on large conducting airways. Radioaerosol studies have suggested that optimum nebulizer systems for inhaled pentamidine deliver the majority of the aerosol mass in droplets smaller than 2 microns diameter, ideal for alveolar penetration.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者最常见的首发症状。临床试验表明，通过雾化器吸入喷他脒，对高危患者预防PCP有效，可用于治疗轻至中度发作。与胃肠外给药途径形成鲜明对比的是，其副作用较小。雾化器系统的选择将决定喷他脒在肺泡内的递送以及与大传导气道上液滴沉积相关的咳嗽发生率。放射性气溶胶研究表明，用于吸入喷他脒的最佳雾化器系统可将大部分气溶胶颗粒以直径小于2微米的液滴形式递送，这对于肺泡渗透是理想的。
