Mitchell D M
Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, U.K.
Respir Med. 1989 Jan;83(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/s0954-6111(89)80053-8.
Since the first case of AIDS in the United Kingdom was described in 1981 (1), there have been up to October 1988, 1794 AIDS cases reported, of whom 965 are dead and 8794 individuals known to be Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive (2). In fact the actual number of seropositive individuals is likely to be far greater than this figure. A recent study of an HIV seropositive cohort suggests that the majority of individuals infected with HIV will eventually develop AIDS (3). Most of the cases in the U.K. have occurred in homo- or bisexual men, and the pattern of disease in the U.K. closely follows that of the epidemic in the United States. The association between AIDS and infection with HIV was demonstrated in 1983-4 (4,5) and HIV induced damage to the immune system with profound depression of cell mediated immunity is responsible for many of the manifestations of this extraordinary new disease (6). As the lung is the most frequently affected organ in AIDS (7), and as case numbers are likely to increase in the U.K., if the epidemic trend continues, Respiratory Physicians in the U.K. will be increasingly involved in the management of these patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the diagnostic problems encountered in AIDS patients with lung disease.
自1981年英国首例艾滋病病例被报道以来（1），截至1988年10月，已报告1794例艾滋病病例，其中965例死亡，8794人已知人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清学呈阳性（2）。事实上，血清学呈阳性个体的实际数量可能远高于此数字。最近一项对HIV血清学呈阳性队列的研究表明，大多数感染HIV的个体最终会发展为艾滋病（3）。英国的大多数病例发生在同性恋或双性恋男性中，英国的疾病模式与美国的流行情况密切相关。艾滋病与HIV感染之间的关联在1983年至1984年得到证实（4,5），HIV对免疫系统造成损害，导致细胞介导免疫严重抑制，这是这种罕见新疾病许多表现的原因（6）。由于肺部是艾滋病中最常受影响的器官（7），而且如果流行趋势持续，英国的病例数量可能会增加，英国的呼吸科医生将越来越多地参与这些患者的管理。本综述的目的是强调艾滋病肺部疾病患者遇到的一些诊断问题。
