Mishra Gyan P, Tamboli Viral, Jwala Jwala, Mitra Ashim K
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2011 Jan;5(1):26-36. doi: 10.2174/187221311794474883.
Ocular allergy is an inflammatory response of the conjunctival mucosa that also affects the cornea and eyelids. Allergic conjunctivitis includes seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). In general, allergic conditions involve mast cell degranulation that leads to release of inflammatory mediators and activation of enzymatic cascades generating pro-inflammatory mediators. In chronic ocular inflammatory disorders associated with mast cell activation such as VKC and AKC constant inflammatory response is observed due to predominance of inflammatory mediators such as eosinophils and Th2-generated cytokines. Antihistamines, mast-cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents are commonly indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic allergic conjunctivitis. In recent years newer drug molecules have been introduced in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. This article reviews recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
眼部过敏是结膜黏膜的一种炎症反应，也会影响角膜和眼睑。过敏性结膜炎包括季节性过敏性结膜炎（SAC）、常年性过敏性结膜炎（PAC）、春季角结膜炎（VKC）、特应性角结膜炎（AKC）和巨乳头性结膜炎（GPC）。一般来说，过敏情况涉及肥大细胞脱颗粒，导致炎症介质释放，并激活产生促炎介质的酶级联反应。在与肥大细胞激活相关的慢性眼部炎症性疾病（如VKC和AKC）中，由于嗜酸性粒细胞和Th2产生的细胞因子等炎症介质占主导地位，会观察到持续的炎症反应。抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂、非甾体抗炎药、皮质类固醇和免疫调节剂通常用于治疗急性和慢性过敏性结膜炎。近年来，新型药物分子已被引入过敏性结膜炎的治疗。本文综述了过敏性结膜炎治疗方面的近期专利和新兴疗法。
