Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33418, USA.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Oct;13(5):543-9. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e328364ec3a.
The focus of this review is to provide a logical paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular allergies, with a focus on seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC).
Several classes of topical medications are currently available for the management of ocular allergies, including: lubricating agents, vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and topical corticosteroids.
SAC and PAC make up the vast majority of ocular allergy cases. A proactive approach to these diseases, anticipating the regional spring and fall allergen spikes, is needed for optimally managing these disorders. A multifaceted treatment regimen comprising patient education, lifestyle modification, and topical medications (such as antihistamines and/or mast cell stabilizers and corticosteroids) may be required in order to manage ocular allergies effectively. The appropriate treatment paradigm is based on the severity of the patients' signs and symptoms. For moderate-to-severe cases, especially chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis, comanagement with an ophthalmologist is recommended.
本文重点介绍了眼部过敏的诊断和治疗方法，重点关注季节性过敏性结膜炎（SAC）和常年性过敏性结膜炎（PAC）。
目前有几类局部药物可用于治疗眼部过敏，包括：润滑剂、血管收缩剂、抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂和局部皮质类固醇。
SAC 和 PAC 占眼部过敏病例的绝大多数。为了最佳治疗这些疾病，需要对这些疾病采取积极主动的方法，预测区域性春季和秋季过敏原高峰。为了有效治疗眼部过敏，可能需要包括患者教育、生活方式改变和局部药物（如抗组胺药和/或肥大细胞稳定剂和皮质类固醇）在内的多方面治疗方案。适当的治疗方案基于患者体征和症状的严重程度。对于中重度病例，特别是慢性春季角结膜炎、特应性角结膜炎和巨大乳头性结膜炎，建议与眼科医生共同管理。
