National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2010 Feb;38(3 Suppl):106-19. doi: 10.1177/1403494809354362.
To investigate if workplace interventions resulted in changes in the psychosocial work environment. Process evaluation was conducted to study the implementation process and to use this knowledge to understand the results.
Seven intervention units (n = 128) and seven non-randomized reference units (n = 103) of a large hospital in Denmark participated in an intervention project with the goal of improving the psychosocial working conditions. The intervention consisted of discussion days for all staff, employee working groups, leader coaching, and activities to improve communication and cooperation. Measures of the psychosocial work environment were conducted before the start of the intervention and again after 16 months using 13 scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, version I (COPSOQ I).
In the intervention units there was a statistically significant worsening in six out of 13 work environment scales. The decrease was most pronounced for three scales that measure aspects of interpersonal relations and leadership. In addition, all three scales that measure aspects of work organization and job content decreased. In comparison, the reference group showed statistically significant changes in only two scales. Process evaluation revealed that a large part of the implementation failed and that different implicit theories were at play.
Without the insights gained from process data the negative effects of this intervention could not be understood. Sometimes--as it seems happened in this study--more harm can be done by disappointing expectations than by not conducting an intervention.
调查工作场所干预是否导致心理社会工作环境发生变化。进行了过程评估，以研究实施过程，并利用这方面的知识来理解结果。
丹麦一家大型医院的 7 个干预单位（n=128）和 7 个非随机对照单位（n=103）参加了一个干预项目，旨在改善心理社会工作条件。该干预措施包括为所有员工、员工工作组、领导辅导举办讨论日，并开展改善沟通和合作的活动。在干预开始前和 16 个月后，使用来自哥本哈根心理社会问卷（COPSOQ I）的 13 个量表，对心理社会工作环境进行了测量。
在干预单位中，13 个工作环境量表中有 6 个出现了统计学意义上的恶化。人际关系和领导力方面的三个量表降幅最为明显。此外，衡量工作组织和工作内容方面的三个量表也有所下降。相比之下，对照组只有两个量表发生了统计学意义上的变化。过程评估显示，实施的很大一部分失败了，并且存在不同的隐含理论。
如果没有从过程数据中获得的见解，就无法理解这种干预的负面影响。有时——就像本研究中发生的那样——失望的期望可能会造成比不进行干预更大的伤害。
