Ceballos Diana M, Yost Michael G, Whittaker Stephen G, Reeb-Whitaker Carolyn, Camp Janice, Dills Russell
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, USA.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2011 Mar;55(2):214-27. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meq081. Epub 2010 Dec 20.
Design, construct, and characterize an apparatus to evaluate dermal protective clothing for resistance to polymerizing materials. Specifically, we evaluated the permeation of the most common glove material used in automotive collision repair (0.10-0.13 mm or 4-5 mil latex) with representative isocyanate-containing clear coats. Our ultimate goal is to make informed recommendations on dermal protective materials to prevent isocyanate exposures and reduce the likelihood of occupational illness in automotive collision repair and other industries.
A novel permeation panel was developed to assess dermal protective clothing. With this apparatus, up to eight test materials may be evaluated under typical-spray application conditions. Solid collection media comprised of 1-(2-pyridyl)-piperazine (2-PP)-coated fiberglass filters or colorimetric SWYPE™ pads were placed behind test materials to capture permeants. The 2-PP-coated filters were subsequently analyzed using a modified OSHA42/PV2034 method. Color change in the SWYPEs provided an immediate field estimate of breakthrough time. In addition, Teflon filters were mounted proximal to the permeation cells to measure the mass of clear coat applied to the panel and to evaluate loading homogeneity. This study evaluated the permeation of isocyanates through 0.10-0.13 mm latex glove material at a fixed time (30 min post-spraying) and over a time course (6-91 min post-spraying).
Monomers 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) permeated through (0.10-0.13 mm) latex glove material under typical glove use conditions (30 min). The latex glove material exhibited immediate breakthrough, with a permeation rate of 2.9 ng min(-1) cm(-2). The oligomeric forms of HDI and IPDI did not permeate the latex glove material. The spray application at 71 ± 5 °F was fairly homogeneous (33.7 ± 8 mg weight of dry clear coat per 5 cm(2)).
The permeation panel is a viable method to assess dermal protective clothing performance against polymerizing materials. Thin (0.10-0.13 mm) latex gloves were determined to be ineffective barriers to the isocyanates commonly found in clear coats. Because this type of glove is used frequently in auto body shops, the potential for isocyanate exposure is of concern. Permeation tests with other dermal protective clothing materials and other clear coat formulations are needed to make recommendations about alternative materials.
设计、构建并表征一种用于评估皮肤防护服装对聚合材料耐受性的装置。具体而言，我们评估了汽车碰撞修复中最常用的手套材料（0.10 - 0.13毫米或4 - 5密耳乳胶）对含代表性异氰酸酯的清漆的渗透性。我们的最终目标是就皮肤防护材料提出明智的建议，以防止异氰酸酯暴露，并降低汽车碰撞修复及其他行业职业疾病的发生可能性。
开发了一种新型渗透面板来评估皮肤防护服装。利用该装置，在典型喷涂条件下可对多达八种测试材料进行评估。由1 - (2 - 吡啶基)-哌嗪（2 - PP）涂层玻璃纤维滤器或比色SWYPE™垫组成的固体收集介质放置在测试材料后面，以捕获渗透物。随后使用改良的OSHA42/PV2034方法分析2 - PP涂层滤器。SWYPE中的颜色变化提供了突破时间的即时现场估计。此外，在渗透池近端安装了特氟龙滤器，以测量施加到面板上的清漆质量并评估负载均匀性。本研究评估了异氰酸酯在固定时间（喷涂后30分钟）和时间过程（喷涂后6 - 91分钟）内透过0.10 - 0.13毫米乳胶手套材料的情况。
在典型手套使用条件下（30分钟），单体1,6 - 六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）透过（0.10 - 0.13毫米）乳胶手套材料。乳胶手套材料立即出现突破，渗透率为2.9纳克·分钟⁻¹·厘米⁻²。HDI和IPDI的低聚形式未透过乳胶手套材料。在71 ± 5°F下的喷涂相当均匀（每5平方厘米干清漆重量为33.7 ± 8毫克）。
渗透面板是评估皮肤防护服装对聚合材料性能的一种可行方法。已确定薄（0.10 - 0.13毫米）乳胶手套对清漆中常见的异氰酸酯不是有效的屏障。由于这种类型的手套在汽车车身修理店中经常使用，异氰酸酯暴露的可能性令人担忧。需要对其他皮肤防护服装材料和其他清漆配方进行渗透测试，以就替代材料提出建议。
