Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Apr;100(4):630-46. doi: 10.1037/a0021711.
This study examined the links between desensitization to violent media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. Two weeks after completing measures of habitual media violence exposure, trait aggression, trait arousability, and normative beliefs about aggression, undergraduates (N = 303) saw a violent film clip and a sad or a funny comparison clip. Skin conductance level (SCL) was measured continuously, and ratings of anxious and pleasant arousal were obtained after each clip. Following the clips, participants completed a lexical decision task to measure accessibility of aggressive cognitions and a competitive reaction time task to measure aggressive behavior. Habitual media violence exposure correlated negatively with SCL during violent clips and positively with pleasant arousal, response times for aggressive words, and trait aggression, but it was unrelated to anxious arousal and aggressive responding during the reaction time task. In path analyses controlling for trait aggression, normative beliefs, and trait arousability, habitual media violence exposure predicted faster accessibility of aggressive cognitions, partly mediated by higher pleasant arousal. Unprovoked aggression during the reaction time task was predicted by lower anxious arousal. Neither habitual media violence usage nor anxious or pleasant arousal predicted provoked aggression during the laboratory task, and SCL was unrelated to aggressive cognitions and behavior. No relations were found between habitual media violence viewing and arousal in response to the sad and funny film clips, and arousal in response to the sad and funny clips did not predict aggressive cognitions or aggressive behavior on the laboratory task. This suggests that the observed desensitization effects are specific to violent content.
本研究考察了对暴力媒体刺激脱敏与习惯性媒体暴力暴露之间的关系，将习惯性媒体暴力暴露作为预测变量，将攻击认知和行为作为结果变量。在完成习惯性媒体暴力暴露的测量两周后，大学生（N=303）观看了一段暴力电影片段和一段悲伤或有趣的比较片段。连续测量皮肤电导率（SCL），并在每个片段后获得焦虑和愉悦唤醒的评分。在观看完片段后，参与者完成了一个词汇决策任务，以衡量攻击认知的可及性，以及一个竞争反应时间任务，以衡量攻击行为。习惯性媒体暴力暴露与暴力片段中的 SCL 呈负相关，与愉悦唤醒、攻击词汇的反应时间和特质攻击性呈正相关，但与焦虑唤醒和反应时间任务中的攻击反应无关。在控制特质攻击性、规范信念和特质唤醒性的路径分析中，习惯性媒体暴力暴露预测了攻击认知的更快可及性，这部分由更高的愉悦唤醒介导。在反应时间任务中，无端攻击由较低的焦虑唤醒预测。习惯性媒体暴力使用以及焦虑或愉悦唤醒都没有预测实验室任务中的挑衅性攻击，SCL 与攻击认知和行为无关。习惯性媒体观看暴力内容与对悲伤和有趣片段的反应唤醒之间没有关系，悲伤和有趣片段的唤醒也不能预测实验室任务中的攻击认知或行为。这表明观察到的脱敏效应是特定于暴力内容的。
