亚慢性暴露于斯巴达克（咪鲜胺）对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的影响。

Effects of subchronic exposure to Spartakus (prochloraz) on common carp Cyprinus carpio.

作者信息

Haluzova Ivana, Modra Helena, Blahova Jana, Marsalek Petr, Siroka Zuzana, Groch Ladislav, Svobodova Zdenka

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2010;31 Suppl 2:105-13.

PMID:21187831

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to investigate effects of the fungicide formulation Spartakus (prochloraz 450 g.L-1) on common carp Cyprinus carpio through biometric, biochemical, haematological and antioxidant indices, induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and histological examination of selected tissues.

DESIGN

The test was performed on juvenile fish, which was exposed to Spartakus (concentrations of prochloraz: 0.05; 0.15 and 0.38 mg.L-1) for 28 days. Haematological indices were assessed using unified methods of haematological examination in fish. Plasma biochemical indices were determined by biochemical analyzer. Concentration of total cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity were determined spectrophotometrically in hepatopancreas. Activity of liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured spectrofluorimetrically. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and ceruloplasmin activity were assessed spectrophotometrically. Histological changes in samples of hepatopancreas, skin, gills, spleen, head kidney and caudal kidney were examined by light microscopy.

RESULTS

There was a significant rise in hepatosomatic index (HSI) (p<0.01), CYP and EROD (p<0.05) of fish exposed to prochloraz of 0.15 and 0.38 mg.L-1 whereas GST was induced by all concentrations tested and GSH by 0.38 mg.L-1 (p<0.05). Red blood cell count decreased significantly (p<0.05) in prochloraz of 0.05 and 0.15 mg.L-1. Plasma potassium increased (p<0.01) in all Spartakus treated groups, a decline in total protein (p<0.05), ALT, Na+ and Ca (p<0.01) was found in fish exposed to prochloraz of 0.38 mg.L-1. Ceruloplasmin activity was elevated (p<0.05) in the highest concentration tested, FRAP declined (p<0.05) in the same group. Histopathological changes in gills were demonstrated in all pesticide treated groups, with a decreased activity of skin mucous cells in prochloraz of 0.38 mg.L-1.

CONCLUSION

The subchronic exposure to Spartakus influenced HSI, induced xenobitic metabolizing enzymes, initiated a disorder of selected plasma indices and a decline in red blood cell count, caused minor histological impairment, and affected antioxidant activities of the test fish.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在通过生物统计学、生物化学、血液学和抗氧化指标、异生物质代谢酶的诱导以及所选组织的组织学检查，研究杀菌剂斯巴达克（咪鲜胺450 g.L-1）对鲤鱼的影响。

设计

对幼鱼进行试验，使其暴露于斯巴达克（咪鲜胺浓度：0.05；0.15和0.38 mg.L-1）中28天。使用鱼类血液学检查的统一方法评估血液学指标。通过生化分析仪测定血浆生化指标。用分光光度法测定肝胰腺中总细胞色素P450（CYP）的浓度、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性。用荧光分光光度法测定肝脏乙氧基异吩恶唑酮-O-脱乙基酶（EROD）活性。用分光光度法评估血浆铁还原能力（FRAP）和铜蓝蛋白活性。通过光学显微镜检查肝胰腺、皮肤、鳃、脾脏、头肾和尾肾样本的组织学变化。

结果

暴露于0.15和0.38 mg.L-1咪鲜胺的鱼的肝体指数（HSI）（p<0.01）、CYP和EROD（p<0.05）显著升高，而所有测试浓度均诱导了GST，0.38 mg.L-1诱导了GSH（p<0.05）。0.05和0.15 mg.L-1咪鲜胺组的红细胞计数显著下降（p<0.05）。所有斯巴达克处理组的血浆钾均升高（p<0.01），暴露于0.38 mg.L-1咪鲜胺的鱼的总蛋白（p<0.05）、谷丙转氨酶、Na+和Ca（p<0.01）下降。在测试的最高浓度组中铜蓝蛋白活性升高（p<0.05），同一组中FRAP下降（p<0.05）。所有农药处理组的鳃均出现组织病理学变化，0.38 mg.L-1咪鲜胺组皮肤黏液细胞活性降低。