Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8026, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2011 Mar;19(3):136-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.12.002. Epub 2010 Dec 31.
The rotavirus (RV) genome comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is contained within a non-enveloped, icosahedral particle. During assembly, a highly coordinated selective packaging mechanism ensures that progeny RV virions contain one of each genome segment. Cis-acting signals thought to mediate assortment and packaging are associated with putative panhandle structures formed by base-pairing of the ends of RV plus-strand RNAs (+RNAs). Viral polymerases within assembling core particles convert the 11 distinct +RNAs to dsRNA genome segments. It remains unclear whether RV +RNAs are assorted before or during encapsidation, and the functions of viral proteins during these processes are not resolved. However, as reviewed here, recent insights gained from the study of RV and two other segmented RNA viruses, influenza A virus and bacteriophage Φ6, reveal potential mechanisms of RV assortment and packaging.
轮状病毒(RV)基因组由 11 个双链 RNA(dsRNA)片段组成,包含在无包膜的二十面体颗粒内。在组装过程中,高度协调的选择性包装机制确保子代 RV 病毒粒子包含每个基因组片段中的一个。被认为介导分类和包装的顺式作用信号与由 RV 正链 RNA(+RNAs)末端碱基配对形成的假定发夹结构有关。在组装的核心颗粒内的病毒聚合酶将 11 个不同的+RNAs 转化为 dsRNA 基因组片段。RV +RNAs 是在包装前还是包装过程中进行分类尚不清楚,这些过程中病毒蛋白的功能也尚未解决。然而,正如这里所综述的,从对 RV 和另外两种分段 RNA 病毒(甲型流感病毒和噬菌体 Φ6)的研究中获得的新见解揭示了 RV 分类和包装的潜在机制。