Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2011 Feb;14(2):113-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01566.x. Epub 2010 Dec 27.
An approach to modelling food web biomass flows among live and dead compartments within and among species is formulated using metaphysiological principles that characterise population growth in terms of basal metabolism, feeding, senescence and exploitation. This leads to a unified approach to modelling interactions among plants, herbivores, carnivores, scavengers, parasites and their resources. Also, dichotomising sessile miners from mobile gatherers of resources, with relevance to feeding and starvation time scales, suggests a new classification scheme involving 10 primary categories of consumer types. These types, in various combinations, rigorously distinguish scavenger from parasite, herbivory from phytophagy and detritivore from decomposer. Application of the approach to particular consumer-resource interactions is demonstrated, culminating in the construction of an anthrax-centred food web model, with parameters applicable to Etosha National Park, Namibia, where deaths of elephants and zebra from the bacterial pathogen, Bacillus anthracis, provide significant subsidies to jackals, vultures and other scavengers.
采用基于新陈代谢原理的方法，对活组织和死组织的生物量流动进行建模，这些原理从基础代谢、摄食、衰老和开发的角度描述了种群的增长。这为植物、食草动物、食肉动物、食腐动物、寄生虫及其资源之间的相互作用建立了一个统一的模型。此外，将固着性的矿工与移动性的资源采集者进行二分法处理，与摄食和饥饿时间尺度有关，这表明了一个新的分类方案，涉及 10 种主要的消费者类型。这些类型，以各种组合形式，严格区分了食腐动物和寄生虫、草食性和植食性以及碎屑食者和分解者。该方法在特定消费者-资源相互作用中的应用得到了展示，最终构建了一个以炭疽病为中心的食物网模型，其参数适用于纳米比亚埃托沙国家公园，在那里，大象和斑马因细菌病原体炭疽杆菌而死亡，为豺狼、秃鹫和其他食腐动物提供了大量的食物。
