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本文引用的文献

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Circadian control of mouse heart rate and blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nuclei: behavioral effects are more significant than direct outputs.视交叉上核对小鼠心率和血压的昼夜节律控制：行为效应比直接输出更显著。
PLoS One. 2010 Mar 22;5(3):e9783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009783.
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Hormones, hormonal agents, and neuropeptides involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of sleep in humans.参与人类睡眠神经内分泌调节的激素、激素制剂和神经肽。
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Circadian rhythm disorders.昼夜节律障碍
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Population encoding by circadian clock neurons organizes circadian behavior.昼夜节律时钟神经元的群体编码组织昼夜节律行为。
J Neurosci. 2009 Feb 11;29(6):1670-6. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3801-08.2009.
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Genome-wide association of sleep and circadian phenotypes.睡眠和昼夜节律表型的全基因组关联研究
BMC Med Genet. 2007 Sep 19;8 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-S1-S9.
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide and the mammalian circadian system.血管活性肠肽与哺乳动物昼夜节律系统。
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007 Jun-Jul;152(2-3):165-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.04.018. Epub 2007 May 26.
7
Altered circadian and homeostatic sleep regulation in prokineticin 2-deficient mice.前动力蛋白2基因缺失小鼠的昼夜节律和稳态睡眠调节改变。
Sleep. 2007 Mar;30(3):247-56.
8
Disrupted neuronal activity rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-deficient mice.血管活性肠肽缺乏小鼠视交叉上核中神经元活动节律紊乱。
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Mar;97(3):2553-8. doi: 10.1152/jn.01206.2006. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
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Attenuated circadian rhythms in mice lacking the prokineticin 2 gene.缺乏前动力蛋白2基因的小鼠的昼夜节律减弱。
J Neurosci. 2006 Nov 8;26(45):11615-23. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3679-06.2006.
10
Immunocytochemical distribution of VIP and PACAP in the rat brain stem: implications for REM sleep physiology.大鼠脑干中血管活性肠肽（VIP）和垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（PACAP）的免疫细胞化学分布：对快速眼动睡眠生理学的影响。
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1070:135-42. doi: 10.1196/annals.1317.095.

缺乏血管活性肠肽的小鼠 REM 睡眠减少和昼夜节律睡眠调节改变。

Decreased REM sleep and altered circadian sleep regulation in mice lacking vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

出版信息

Sleep. 2011 Jan 1;34(1):49-56. doi: 10.1093/sleep/34.1.49.

DOI:10.1093/sleep/34.1.49
PMID:21203371
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3001794/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been implicated in sleep regulation as a promoter of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Previous work has shown that the amount of time spent in REM sleep is increased by intracerebroventricular administration of VIP, and reduced by treatment with VIP antagonists or antibodies against VIP. A variety of evidence suggests that VIP is critical for normal expression of circadian rhythmicity of diverse physiological and behavioral parameters. In the present study, we investigated the role of this peptide in sleep regulation using VIP-deficient (VIP-/-) mice.

METHODS

EEG/EMG sleep-wake patterns were recorded in VIP-/- mice and their wild-type littermate controls under normal light-dark (LD), constant darkness (DD) and sleep deprivation conditions.

RESULTS

VIP-/- mice exhibited reduced REM sleep time over the 24-h cycle while total daily amounts of NREM sleep and wakefulness were not altered significantly. The reduced REM sleep time in VIP-/- mice occurred entirely during the day due to a reduction in the duration, but not the frequency, of REM sleep bouts. In response to sleep deprivation, compensatory rebounds in NREM sleep and REM sleep were also attenuated in VIP-/- mice. Finally, the loss of VIP altered the temporal distribution of sleep in that the VIP -/- mice exhibited smaller amplitude rhythms in total sleep, NREM sleep, and REM sleep under both LD and DD.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that VIP regulates the duration of REM sleep, sleep homeostatic mechanisms as well as the temporal patterning of sleep.

摘要

目的

血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 被认为在睡眠调节中起作用，可促进快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠。先前的工作表明，通过脑室内给予 VIP 可以增加 REM 睡眠时间，而通过 VIP 拮抗剂或 VIP 抗体治疗则会减少 REM 睡眠时间。大量证据表明，VIP 对于多种生理和行为参数的昼夜节律正常表达至关重要。在本研究中，我们使用 VIP 缺陷型 (VIP-/-) 小鼠研究了这种肽在睡眠调节中的作用。

方法

在正常光暗 (LD)、持续黑暗 (DD) 和睡眠剥夺条件下，记录 VIP-/- 小鼠及其野生型同窝对照的 EEG/EMG 睡眠-觉醒模式。

结果

与野生型同窝对照相比，VIP-/- 小鼠在 24 小时周期内 REM 睡眠时间减少，而 NREM 睡眠时间和觉醒时间没有明显变化。VIP-/- 小鼠的 REM 睡眠时间减少完全发生在白天，这是由于 REM 睡眠发作的持续时间减少，而不是频率减少。在睡眠剥夺后，NREM 睡眠和 REM 睡眠的补偿性反弹在 VIP-/- 小鼠中也减弱。最后，VIP 的缺失改变了睡眠的时间分布，即 VIP-/- 小鼠在 LD 和 DD 下的总睡眠、NREM 睡眠和 REM 睡眠的振幅节律都较小。

结论

这些结果表明 VIP 调节 REM 睡眠时间、睡眠稳态机制以及睡眠的时间模式。