Santa-Olalla Peralta Patricia, Cortes García Marta, Martínez Sánchez Elena Vanessa, Nogareda Moreno Francisco, Limia Sánchez Aurora, Pachón Del Amo Isabel, Sierra Moros Maria José
Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias (CCAES), Dirección General de Salud Pública y Sanidad Exterior, Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social de España, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2010 Sep-Oct;84(5):529-46. doi: 10.1590/s1135-57272010000500007.
In April 2009, a new surveillance strategy for the detection of cases of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 infection and for the implementation of appropriate control measures to contain its transmission was initiated in Spain. We describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases in Spain notified by the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network from April 24 to June 30, 2009.
As part of the initial surveillance response to the pandemic, case-based clinical and epidemiological information was collected nationwide on cases under investigation for pandemic virus (H1N1) 2009 infection and their contacts.
Of 717 confirmed cases, 91% were notified by 5 Autonomous Communities. As of June 15,49.1% of cases belonged to school outbreaks. No nosocomial outbreaks were detected. The median incubation period was 3 days. Eighty-eight percent of cases were under the age of 30 years, and 24.9% were imported. The most frequent symptoms were cough (92%) and fever (81.8%). The median duration of symptoms was 5 days. Thirteen cases required hospitalization and one died.
During the first months of the pandemic, pandemic influenza cases experienced a mild illness similar to seasonal influenza, predominantly affecting children and young adults. By the end of June 2009, the detection of outbreaks in different settings indicated the diffusion of the pandemic virus into the community and the start of its circulation.
2009年4月，西班牙启动了一项新的监测策略，用于检测2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行感染病例，并实施适当的控制措施以遏制其传播。我们描述了2009年4月24日至6月30日期间，西班牙国家流行病学监测网络通报的确诊病例的临床和流行病学特征。
作为对大流行的初步监测反应的一部分，在全国范围内收集了有关正在接受2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒感染调查的病例及其接触者的基于病例的临床和流行病学信息。
在717例确诊病例中，91%是由5个自治区通报的。截至6月15日，49.1%的病例属于学校暴发疫情。未检测到医院内暴发。中位潜伏期为3天。88%的病例年龄在30岁以下，24.9%为输入性病例。最常见的症状是咳嗽（92%）和发热（81.8%）。症状的中位持续时间为5天。13例需要住院治疗，1例死亡。
在大流行的最初几个月，甲型H1N1流感病例病情较轻，与季节性流感相似，主要影响儿童和年轻人。到2009年6月底，在不同场所检测到的疫情表明大流行病毒已传播到社区并开始传播。
