Mathers M J, Degener S, Roth S
Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Remscheid, Kooperationspraxis der Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Fastenrathstraße 1, 42853 Remscheid, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2011 Jan;50(1):20-5. doi: 10.1007/s00120-010-2438-x.
Cryptorchidism is the most common genital disorder in boys. Early-born boys are affected in up to one third of the cases, while about 2-5% of full-term newborns suffer from at least one undescended testicle. As a result of short-term endogenous testosterone secretion after birth the prevalence decreases to 1-2% after 3 months. According to most studies, watchful waiting after 6 months is not justified because after this time spontaneous testicular descent only very rarely occurs. Even though the effects of testicular development and fertility in undescended testis have been extensively examined, the only fact that remains certain is that approximately 90% of untreated men with bilateral cryptorchidism develop azoospermia. The remaining scenarios of cryptorchidism (unilateral, ectopic, inguinal, treated or not treated) exhibit unpredictable fertility and likelihood of fatherhood.
隐睾症是男孩中最常见的生殖系统疾病。早产男孩中高达三分之一会受其影响，而约2 - 5%的足月儿至少有一侧睾丸未降。由于出生后短期内内源性睾酮分泌，3个月后患病率降至1 - 2%。根据大多数研究，6个月后进行观察等待并不合理，因为在此之后睾丸很少会自然下降。尽管对未降睾丸的睾丸发育和生育能力的影响已进行了广泛研究，但唯一确定的事实是，约90%未经治疗的双侧隐睾症男性会出现无精子症。隐睾症的其他情况（单侧、异位、腹股沟型、已治疗或未治疗）生育能力和生育可能性难以预测。
