Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
Semin Neurol. 2010 Nov;30(5):501-10. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1268863. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, with more than 140,000 deaths per year. Complications related to stroke resulting in morbidity and mortality are very common and may result from cerebral and extracerebral causes. Cerebral causes include cerebral edema, hemorrhagic conversion of an ischemic infarct, and progression of penumbra to infarction. Extracerebral complications include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection, and aspiration. Many of these complications are largely preventable and often tracked as "quality metrics" in institutions with a stroke center designation. The focus of the article is primarily on common poststroke complications, such as aspiration, DVT, decubitus ulcers, seizures, and urinary catheter infections. Knowledge about potential poststroke complications is critical to earlier diagnosis, proper preventive strategies, and management.
中风是美国的第三大致死原因，每年有超过 14 万人因此死亡。与中风相关的并发症导致发病率和死亡率非常常见，可能由脑内和脑外原因引起。脑内原因包括脑水肿、缺血性梗死的出血性转化，以及半影向梗死的进展。脑外并发症包括深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞、尿路感染和吸入。这些并发症中的许多很大程度上是可以预防的，并且通常作为具有中风中心指定的机构中的“质量指标”进行跟踪。本文的重点主要是常见的中风后并发症，如吸入、深静脉血栓形成、压疮、癫痫发作和导尿管感染。了解潜在的中风后并发症对于早期诊断、适当的预防策略和管理至关重要。
