Department of Fixed Prosthesis & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
Arch Oral Biol. 2011 Jul;56(7):709-21. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.008. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells - DPSCs) or the apical papilla (stem cells from the apical papilla - SCAP) of permanent developing teeth.
DPSCs and SCAP cultures were established from impacted third molars of young healthy donors at the stage of root development. Cultures were analysed for stem cell markers, including STRO-1, CD146, CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry. Cells were then induced for osteo/odontogenic differentiation by media containing dexamethasone, KH(2)PO(4) and β-glycerophosphate. Cultures were analysed for morphology, growth characteristics, mineralization potential (Alizarin Red method) and differentiation markers (dentine sialophosphoprotein-DSPP, bone sialoprotein-BSP, osteocalcin-OCN, alkaline phosphatase-ALP), using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
All DPSCs and SCAP cultures were positive for STRO-1, CD146 and CD34, in percentages varying according to cell type and donor, but negative for CD45. Both types of MSCs displayed an active potential for cellular migration, organization and mineralization, producing 3D mineralized structures. These structures progressively expressed differentiation markers, including DSPP, BSP, OCN, ALP, having the characteristics of osteodentin. SCAP, however, showed a significantly higher proliferation rate and mineralization potential, which might be of significance for their use in bone/dental tissue engineering.
This study provides evidence that different types of dental MSCs can be used in tissue engineering/regeneration protocols as an approachable stem cell source for osteo/odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization that could be further applied for stem cell-based clinical therapies.
本研究旨在比较来源于牙髓（牙髓干细胞-DPSCs）或恒压发育牙齿根尖乳头（根尖乳头干细胞-SCAP）的间充质干细胞（MSCs）的体外成骨/成牙分化潜能。
从处于牙根发育期的年轻健康供体的阻生第三磨牙中建立 DPSCs 和 SCAP 培养物。使用流式细胞术分析包括 STRO-1、CD146、CD34 和 CD45 在内的干细胞标志物。然后，通过含有地塞米松、KH（2）PO（4）和β-甘油磷酸的培养基诱导细胞进行成骨/成牙分化。使用免疫细胞化学和逆转录聚合酶链反应分析形态、生长特性、矿化潜能（茜素红法）和分化标志物（牙本质涎磷蛋白-DSPP、骨涎蛋白-BSP、骨钙素-OCN、碱性磷酸酶-ALP）。
所有 DPSCs 和 SCAP 培养物均对 STRO-1、CD146 和 CD34 呈阳性，阳性率根据细胞类型和供体而有所不同，但对 CD45 呈阴性。两种类型的 MSC 均表现出活跃的细胞迁移、组织和矿化潜能，产生 3D 矿化结构。这些结构逐渐表达分化标志物，包括 DSPP、BSP、OCN、ALP，具有骨牙本质的特征。然而，SCAP 显示出更高的增殖率和矿化潜能，这对于其在骨/牙齿组织工程中的应用可能具有重要意义。
本研究提供的证据表明，不同类型的牙源性 MSC 可用于组织工程/再生方案，作为成骨/成牙分化和生物矿化的可接近干细胞来源，可进一步应用于基于干细胞的临床治疗。
