Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6085, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(1):23-35. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.533401.
We examined prospective prediction from parent- and teacher-reported oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms to parent-reported ODD, conduct disorder (CD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and whether child executive functioning abilities moderated these relations among an urban, low-income sample of first- to third-grade children (N = 87). Time 1 parent-reported ODD predicted each Time 2 outcome. Time 1 teacher-reported ODD predicted Time 2 CD and MDD symptoms. After controlling for Time 1 co-occurring symptoms, only prediction from Time 1 teacher-reported ODD to CD and MDD symptoms remained significant. Child executive functioning abilities moderated relations between Time 1 parent-reported ODD and Time 2 ODD, and Time 1 teacher-reported ODD and Time 2 CD and MDD. Among children with better executive functioning abilities, higher Time 1 ODD was associated with higher Time 2 symptoms.
我们考察了父母和教师报告的对立违抗性障碍（ODD）症状对父母报告的 ODD、品行障碍（CD）、重度抑郁症（MDD）和广泛性焦虑障碍症状的前瞻性预测，以及儿童执行功能能力是否在城市低收入一至三年级儿童样本中调节了这些关系（N=87）。时间 1 父母报告的 ODD 预测了时间 2 的每个结果。时间 1 教师报告的 ODD 预测了时间 2 的 CD 和 MDD 症状。在控制了时间 1 同时发生的症状后，只有时间 1 教师报告的 ODD 对 CD 和 MDD 症状的预测仍然显著。儿童执行功能能力调节了时间 1 父母报告的 ODD 与时间 2 的 ODD，以及时间 1 教师报告的 ODD 与时间 2 的 CD 和 MDD 之间的关系。在执行功能能力较好的儿童中，较高的时间 1 ODD 与较高的时间 2 症状相关。
