Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Cell Tissue Res. 2011 Mar;343(3):619-35. doi: 10.1007/s00441-010-1109-y. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
Modifications have been characterised in terms of cellular organisation and the extracellular matrix (ECM) during bone ontogeny in the sea bream (Sparus auratus). During endochondral development, the agglomeration of matrix-secreting cells gives rise to chondrones; these chondrones frequently contain proliferating-cell-nuclear-antigen-positive cells, which subsequently become large collagen-II-positive cells with the characteristics of chondrocytes. Moreover, the matrix:cell ratio within the perichondrium increases, accompanied by a modification in ECM composition. Mineralisation of cartilage ECM is marked by a rapid fall in cell number, the switching off of collagen II transcription and the switching on of collagen X transcription, followed by collagen I transcription and bone mineralisation. The formation of dermal structures initiated upon the condensation of mesenchyme cells defines the future location of the dermal bone. Subsequent cellular differentiation gives rise to cells on the bone surface; these cells are positive for collagen I and osteonectin transcripts. The fish skeleton, with the exception of vertebrae, tends to comprise flattened bones that are covered by a monolayer of cells, the periosteum. A third type of tissue, present in gills, consists of chondrocyte-like cells embedded in a mineralised matrix resembling chondroid bone in mammals. The results suggest that the cellular organisation and ontogeny of endochondral and dermal bone in the sea bream are similar to those described in other vertebrates.
在真鲷（Sparus auratus）的骨骼发生过程中，研究了细胞组织和细胞外基质（ECM）的变化。在软骨内发育过程中，基质分泌细胞的聚集产生软骨小体；这些软骨小体通常含有增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞，这些细胞随后成为具有软骨细胞特征的大胶原 II 阳性细胞。此外，软骨膜内的基质：细胞比例增加，同时 ECM 组成发生变化。软骨 ECM 的矿化以细胞数量的快速下降为标志，胶原 II 转录关闭，胶原 X 转录开启，随后是胶原 I 转录和骨矿化。间质细胞凝聚引发的真皮结构的形成定义了真皮骨的未来位置。随后的细胞分化产生了骨表面的细胞；这些细胞的胶原 I 和骨桥蛋白转录物呈阳性。除了脊椎骨外，鱼类骨骼往往由扁平骨组成，这些扁平骨被一层细胞（骨膜）覆盖。在鳃中存在的第三种组织由嵌入在类似于哺乳动物软骨样骨的矿化基质中的软骨细胞样细胞组成。结果表明，真鲷软骨内和真皮骨的细胞组织和发生与其他脊椎动物相似。
