Gonzalez-Perez Oscar, Alvarez-Buylla Arturo
Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
Brain Res Rev. 2011 Jun 24;67(1-2):147-56. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
Demyelinating diseases are characterized by an extensive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths from axolemma. These neurological disorders are a common cause of disability in young adults, but so far, there is no effective treatment against them. It has been suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) may play an important role in brain repair therapies. NSCs in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ), also known as Type-B cells, are multipotential cells that can self-renew and give rise to neurons and glia. Recent findings have shown that cells derived from SVZ Type-B cells actively respond to epidermal-growth-factor (EGF) stimulation becoming highly migratory and proliferative. Interestingly, a subpopulation of these EGF-activated cells expresses markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). When EGF administration is removed, SVZ-derived OPCs differentiate into myelinating and pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes in the white matter tracts of corpus callosum, fimbria fornix and striatum. In the presence of a demyelinating lesion, OPCs derived from EGF-stimulated SVZ progenitors contribute to myelin repair. Given their high migratory potential and their ability to differentiate into myelin-forming cells, SVZ NSCs represent an important endogenous source of OPCs for preserving the oligodendrocyte population in the white matter and for the repair of demyelinating injuries.
脱髓鞘疾病的特征是少突胶质细胞和轴膜髓鞘大量丧失。这些神经系统疾病是年轻成年人致残的常见原因，但到目前为止，尚无针对它们的有效治疗方法。有人提出神经干细胞（NSCs）可能在脑修复治疗中发挥重要作用。成年脑室下区（SVZ）的神经干细胞，也称为B型细胞，是多能细胞，能够自我更新并产生神经元和神经胶质细胞。最近的研究结果表明，源自SVZ B型细胞的细胞对表皮生长因子（EGF）刺激有积极反应，变得具有高度迁移性和增殖性。有趣的是，这些EGF激活细胞的一个亚群表达少突胶质细胞前体细胞（OPCs）的标志物。当去除EGF给药后，源自SVZ的OPCs在胼胝体、穹窿和纹状体的白质束中分化为有髓鞘形成能力的少突胶质细胞和前髓鞘形成少突胶质细胞。在存在脱髓鞘病变的情况下，源自EGF刺激的SVZ祖细胞的OPCs有助于髓鞘修复。鉴于其高迁移潜力以及分化为形成髓鞘细胞的能力，SVZ神经干细胞是白质中少突胶质细胞群体维持和脱髓鞘损伤修复的重要内源性OPC来源。
