National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Medical Oncology Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Jul;11(7):802-7. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.01.003. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been described as a heterogeneous cell population with potent immune suppressor function in mice. Limited data are available on MDSC in human diseases. Interpretation of these data is complicated by the fact that different markers have been used to analyze human MDSC subtypes in various clinical settings. Human MDSC are CD11b+, CD33+, HLA-DR(neg/low) and can be divided into granulocytic CD14⁻ and monocytic CD14+ subtypes. Interleukin 4Rα, VEGFR, CD15 and CD66b have been suggested to be more specific markers for human MDSC, however these markers can only be found on some MDSC subsets. Until today the best marker for human MDSC remains their suppressor function, which can be either direct or indirect through the induction of regulatory T cells. Immune suppressor activity has been associated with high arginase 1 and iNOS activity as well as ROS production by MDSC. Not only in murine models, but even more importantly in patients with cancer, different drugs have been shown to either reverse the immune suppressor function of MDSC or directly target these cells. Systemic treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid has been shown to mature human MDSC and reverse their immune suppressor function. Alternatively, MDSC can be targeted by treatment with the multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of the recent literature on human MDSC.
髓系来源的抑制细胞（MDSC）已被描述为一种具有强大免疫抑制功能的异质性细胞群体。在人类疾病中，关于 MDSC 的有限数据可用。由于在不同的临床环境中使用了不同的标志物来分析人类 MDSC 亚型，因此对这些数据的解释变得复杂。人类 MDSC 是 CD11b+、CD33+、HLA-DR（阴性/低），可以分为粒细胞 CD14-和单核细胞 CD14+亚型。白细胞介素 4Rα、VEGFR、CD15 和 CD66b 已被提议为人类 MDSC 的更特异性标志物，但这些标志物只能在一些 MDSC 亚群中找到。直到今天，人类 MDSC 的最佳标志物仍然是其抑制功能，可以是直接的，也可以是通过诱导调节性 T 细胞间接的。免疫抑制活性与 MDSC 中高精氨酸酶 1 和 iNOS 活性以及 ROS 产生有关。不仅在小鼠模型中，而且更重要的是在癌症患者中，已经表明不同的药物要么逆转 MDSC 的免疫抑制功能，要么直接靶向这些细胞。全反式维甲酸的全身治疗已被证明可以使人类 MDSC 成熟并逆转其免疫抑制功能。或者，MDSC 可以通过多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂舒尼替尼的治疗来靶向。这篇综述将对人类 MDSC 的最新文献进行全面总结。
