Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1229-34. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da780b.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load on lower extremity biomechanics during the pull phase of the clean. Kinematic and kinetic data of the 3 joints of the lower extremity were collected while participants performed multiple sets of cleans at 3 percentages: 65, 75, and 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). General linear models with repeated measures were used to assess the influence of load on angular velocities, net torques, powers, and rates of torque development at the ankle, knee, and hip joint. The results suggest that the biomechanical demands required from the lower extremities change with the lifted load and to an extent depend on the respective joint. Most notably, the hip and knee extended significantly faster than the ankle independent of load, whereas the hip and ankle generally produced significantly higher torques than the knee did. Torque, rate of torque development (RTD), and power were maximimal at 85% of 1RM for the ankle joint and at 75% of 1RM for the knee joint. Torque and RTD at the hip were maximal at loads >75% of 1RM. This study provides important novel information about the mechanical demands of a weightlifting exercise and should be heeded in the design of resistance training programs.
本研究旨在确定在举重的提拉阶段，负荷对下肢生物力学的影响。当参与者以 3 种百分比（65%、75%和 85%的 1 次最大重复重量（1RM））完成多组举重时，收集了下肢 3 个关节的运动学和动力学数据。使用重复测量的一般线性模型评估了负荷对踝关节、膝关节和髋关节角速度、净扭矩、功率和扭矩发展率的影响。结果表明，下肢所需的生物力学要求随举起的负荷而变化，在一定程度上取决于各个关节。最值得注意的是，髋关节和膝关节的伸展速度明显快于踝关节，而髋关节和踝关节通常产生的扭矩明显高于膝关节。踝关节的扭矩、扭矩发展率（RTD）和功率在 1RM 的 85%时达到最大值，而膝关节的扭矩和 RTD 在 1RM 的 75%时达到最大值。髋关节的扭矩和 RTD 在负荷超过 1RM 的 75%时达到最大值。本研究提供了有关举重运动的机械要求的重要新信息，在设计阻力训练计划时应予以重视。
