Wilk Michal, Jarosz Jakub, Krzysztofik Michal, Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra, Bialas Marcin, Rzeszutko-Belzowska Agata, Zajac Adam, Stastny Petr
Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jan 20;11:629199. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.629199. eCollection 2020.
In this study, we examined the impact of contrast movement tempo (fast vs. slow) on power output and bar velocity during the bench press exercise. Ten healthy men (age = 26.9 ± 4.1 years; body mass = 90.5 ± 10.3 kg; bench press 1RM = 136.8 ± 27.7 kg) with significant experience in resistance training (9.4 ± 5.6 years) performed the bench press exercise under three conditions: with an explosive tempo of movement in each of three repetitions (E/E/E = explosive, explosive, explosive); with a slow tempo of movement in the first repetition and an explosive tempo in the next two repetitions (S/E/E = slow, explosive, explosive); and with a slow tempo of movement in the first two repetitions and an explosive tempo in the last repetition (S/S/E = slow, slow, explosive). The slow repetitions were performed with a 5/0/5/0 (eccentric/isometric/concentric/isometric) movement tempo, while the explosive repetitions were performed with an X/0/X/0 (X- maximal speed of movement) movement tempo. During each experimental session, the participants performed one set of three repetitions at 60%1RM. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction effect for peak power output (PP; = 0.03; = 0.26) and for peak bar velocity (PV; = 0.04; = 0.24). Futhermore there was a statistically significant main effect of condition for PP ( = 0.04; = 0.30) and PV ( = 0.02; = 0.35). The analysis for interaction revealed that PP was significantly higher in the 2nd and 3rd repetition for E/E/E compared with the S/S/E ( < 0.01 for both) and significantly higher in the 2nd repetition for the S/E/E compared with S/S/E ( < 0.01). The analysis for interaction revealed that PV was significantly higher in the 2nd and 3rd repetition for E/E/E compared with the S/S/E ( < 0.01 for both), and significantly higher in the 2nd repetition for the S/E/E compared with the S/S/E ( < 0.01). The analysis for main effect of condition revealed that PP and PV was significantly higher for the E/E/E compared to the S/S/E ( = 0.04; = 0.02; respectively). The main finding of this study was that different distribution of movement tempo during a set has a significant impact on power output and bar velocity in the bench press exercise at 60%1RM. However, the use of one slow repetition at the beginning of a set does not decrease the level of power output in the third repetition of that set.
在本研究中，我们考察了卧推练习中对抗运动节奏（快与慢）对功率输出和杠铃速度的影响。十名有丰富抗阻训练经验（9.4±5.6年）的健康男性（年龄=26.9±4.1岁；体重=90.5±10.3千克；卧推1RM=136.8±27.7千克）在三种条件下进行卧推练习：三次重复中每次都采用爆发性节奏（E/E/E=爆发性、爆发性、爆发性）；第一次重复采用慢节奏，后两次重复采用爆发性节奏（S/E/E=慢、爆发性、爆发性）；前两次重复采用慢节奏，最后一次重复采用爆发性节奏（S/S/E=慢、慢、爆发性）。慢速重复采用5/0/5/0（离心/等长/向心/等长）运动节奏，而爆发性重复采用X/0/X/0（X-最大运动速度）运动节奏。在每个实验环节中，参与者以60%1RM的重量进行一组三次重复动作。双向重复测量方差分析显示，峰值功率输出（PP；F=0.03；η²=0.26）和峰值杠铃速度（PV；F=0.04；η²=0.24）存在统计学上显著的交互作用。此外，条件对PP（F=0.04；η²=0.30）和PV（F=0.02；η²=0.35）有统计学上显著的主效应。交互作用分析表明，与S/S/E相比，E/E/E在第二次和第三次重复时的PP显著更高（两者均P<0.01），与S/S/E相比，S/E/E在第二次重复时的PP显著更高（P<0.01）。交互作用分析表明，与S/S/E相比,E/E/E在第二次和第三次重复时的PV显著更高（两者均P<0.01），与S/S/E相比，S/E/E在第二次重复时的PV显著更高（P<0.01）。条件主效应分析表明，与S/S/E相比，E/E/E的PP和PV显著更高（分别为P=0.04；P=0.02）。本研究的主要发现是，一组动作中不同的运动节奏分布对60%1RM卧推练习中的功率输出和杠铃速度有显著影响。然而，在一组动作开始时使用一次慢速重复并不会降低该组第三次重复时的功率输出水平。
