举重提拉衍生动作:实施与应用的基本原理

Weightlifting pulling derivatives: rationale for implementation and application.

作者信息

Suchomel Timothy J, Comfort Paul, Stone Michael H

机构信息

Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70671, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA,

出版信息

Sports Med. 2015 Jun;45(6):823-39. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0314-y.

Abstract

This review article examines previous weightlifting literature and provides a rationale for the use of weightlifting pulling derivatives that eliminate the catch phase for athletes who are not competitive weightlifters. Practitioners should emphasize the completion of the triple extension movement during the second pull phase that is characteristic of weightlifting movements as this is likely to have the greatest transference to athletic performance that is dependent on hip, knee, and ankle extension. The clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull are weightlifting pulling derivatives that can be used in the teaching progression of the full weightlifting movements and are thus less complex with regard to exercise technique. Previous literature suggests that the clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull may provide a training stimulus that is as good as, if not better than, weightlifting movements that include the catch phase. Weightlifting pulling derivatives can be implemented throughout the training year, but an emphasis and de-emphasis should be used in order to meet the goals of particular training phases. When implementing weightlifting pulling derivatives, athletes must make a maximum effort, understand that pulling derivatives can be used for both technique work and building strength-power characteristics, and be coached with proper exercise technique. Future research should consider examining the effect of various loads on kinetic and kinematic characteristics of weightlifting pulling derivatives, training with full weightlifting movements as compared to training with weightlifting pulling derivatives, and how kinetic and kinematic variables vary between derivatives of the snatch.

摘要

这篇综述文章审视了以往的举重文献,并为非竞技举重运动员使用消除抓举阶段的举重提拉衍生动作提供了理论依据。从业者应强调在举重动作特有的第二次提拉阶段完成三重伸展动作,因为这可能对依赖髋、膝和踝关节伸展的运动表现产生最大的迁移作用。直臂上拉、抓举提拉、高翻悬垂提拉、跳耸肩和大腿中部提拉是举重提拉衍生动作,可用于完整举重动作的教学进程,因此在运动技术方面不太复杂。以往文献表明,直臂上拉、抓举提拉、高翻悬垂提拉、跳耸肩和大腿中部提拉可能提供一种训练刺激,即便不比包含抓举阶段的举重动作更好,至少也与之一样好。举重提拉衍生动作可在全年训练中实施,但应根据特定训练阶段的目标进行重点和非重点使用。在实施举重提拉衍生动作时,运动员必须全力以赴,明白提拉衍生动作可用于技术训练和增强力量-功率特性,并且要接受正确运动技术的指导。未来的研究应考虑考察不同负荷对举重提拉衍生动作的动力学和运动学特征的影响、与使用举重提拉衍生动作训练相比使用完整举重动作训练的情况,以及抓举衍生动作之间的动力学和运动学变量如何变化。

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