Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan.
Retina. 2011 Feb;31(2):222-8. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181facfa9.
To review the present understanding of hyalocytes.
A review of recent studies that investigated the roles of hyalocytes in the pathophysiology of the vitreous cavity.
Studies on immunocytochemistry and chimeric mice with green fluorescent protein transgenic mice show that hyalocytes belong to the monocyte/macrophage lineage and derive from bone marrow. The effects of hyalocytes on the vitreous cavity environment can be divided into three categories: synthesis of extracellular matrix, regulation of the vitreous cavity immunology, and modulation of inflammation. In noninflamed eyes, vitreous cavity is an immune-privileged site that is maintained by a system called vitreous cavity-associated immune deviation, in which hyalocytes play the role of antigen-presenting cells. However, cultured hyalocytes proliferate in response to inflammatory molecules and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. A collagen gel embedded with hyalocytes contracts over time, which is enhanced by transforming growth factor-β but is inhibited by Rho kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that hyalocytes can be an exacerbating factor in inflamed eyes. Clinically, hyalocytes are frequently found in the surgically removed specimens of epiretinal membrane or proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Elucidating the properties of hyalocytes is important to understand the biology of vitreous cavity and to develop novel treatments for vitreoretinal diseases.
综述玻璃体细胞的现有认识。
对研究玻璃体细胞在玻璃体病理生理学中作用的近期研究进行综述。
免疫细胞化学和绿色荧光蛋白转基因嵌合小鼠研究表明，玻璃体细胞属于单核细胞/巨噬细胞系，来源于骨髓。玻璃体细胞对玻璃体腔环境的影响可分为三类：细胞外基质的合成、玻璃体腔免疫学的调节和炎症的调节。在非炎症眼中，玻璃体腔是一个免疫特惠部位，由一个称为玻璃体腔相关免疫偏离的系统维持，其中玻璃体细胞发挥抗原呈递细胞的作用。然而，培养的玻璃体细胞在炎症分子的刺激下增殖，并分泌血管内皮生长因子和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物。含有玻璃体细胞的胶原凝胶随时间收缩，转化生长因子-β增强收缩，Rho 激酶抑制剂抑制收缩。这些结果表明，玻璃体细胞可能是炎症眼中的加重因素。临床上，在切除的内界膜或增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的手术标本中经常发现玻璃体细胞。
阐明玻璃体细胞的特性对于了解玻璃体生物学和开发新的玻璃体视网膜疾病治疗方法很重要。
