Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Sep;14(9):1549-54. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010003599. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
The present study aimed to analyse changes in meal pattern among Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008 in general; to analyse associations between meal pattern and gender, parental educational level and number of parents in the household; and to analyse the association between intake of unhealthy snacks, meal pattern and the mentioned variables.
Within the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM) project, two cross-sectional studies were conducted, one in 2001 and one in 2008, where participants from the same schools filled in a questionnaire on meals eaten the previous day.
Participants were 6th and 7th grade pupils, n 1488 in 2001 and n 1339 in 2008.
Twenty-seven elementary schools in two Norwegian counties.
There were no significant changes in children's meal pattern from 2001 to 2008. For both years more than 90 % of the participants reported that they had breakfast yesterday, while 95 % had lunch, 94 % had dinner and 82 % had supper. More girls than boys reported that they had lunch yesterday (96 % v. 94 %, P = 0·03). More children with higher v. lower educated parents reported that they had breakfast yesterday (93 % v. 88 %, P < 0·001). More children living with two parents v. one parent had breakfast (93 % v. 88 %, P = 0·001) and lunch yesterday (97 % v. 93 %, P < 0·001).
There were no changes in meal pattern from 2001 to 2008 among Norwegian children. Characteristics associated with skipping meals were living in a one-parent family and having lower educated parents.
本研究旨在分析 2001 年至 2008 年期间挪威儿童的膳食模式变化情况；分析膳食模式与性别、父母受教育程度和家庭中父母数量之间的关系；分析不健康零食的摄入、膳食模式与上述变量之间的关系。
在水果和蔬菜成就标记（FVMM）项目中，进行了两项横断面研究，一项在 2001 年进行，一项在 2008 年进行，其中来自同一学校的参与者填写了一份关于前一天所吃膳食的问卷。
2001 年有 1488 名 6 年级和 7 年级学生，2008 年有 1339 名学生。
挪威两个县的 27 所小学。
从 2001 年到 2008 年，儿童的膳食模式没有明显变化。对于两年来说，超过 90%的参与者报告说他们昨天吃了早餐，95%的参与者报告说他们昨天吃了午餐，94%的参与者报告说他们昨天吃了晚餐，82%的参与者报告说他们昨天吃了晚餐。报告昨天吃了午餐的女生多于男生（96%比 94%，P=0·03）。与受教育程度较低的父母相比，受教育程度较高的父母的孩子报告说他们昨天吃了早餐（93%比 88%，P<0·001）。与与父母一方居住的孩子相比，与父母双方居住的孩子昨天吃了早餐（93%比 88%，P=0·001）和午餐（97%比 93%，P<0·001）。
2001 年至 2008 年期间，挪威儿童的膳食模式没有变化。与不吃早餐有关的特征是与单亲家庭生活和父母受教育程度较低。
